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National Conference on Recent Advances in Engineering and Technology
nCORETech-17
📅 Date: 1st and 2nd March 2017
🏫 Organized by: LBS College of Engineering, Kasaragod
Power Quality Improvement using Canonical Switching Cell Converter Fed BLDC motor drive
Anju.A.S, Dr. Rajesh.M
LMF Based Control of Single Stage Dual Purpose Three-Phase Four-Wire Grid Connected SPV System with Reduced Rating VSC
Vivek Narayanan, Jayaprakash P
Power Quality Improvement in Induction Motor Drive using 24-Pulse AC-DC Converter Employing Pulse Multiplication Technique
Greeshma C, Rajesh M
Design and Analysis of Metamaterial based Rectangular Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication
Reshmi R Kumar, Saranya JS, Sreedevi BS
Dual Output Power Management Unit for a PV Battery Hybrid Energy System
Aswathi.S, Nimitha Gopinath, Dr. Devi.V
Single phase active front end rectifier system employed in three phase variable frequency drive
Shruti K K, Valsalan T, Poorani S
Multiple Object Detection, Identification and Tracking Based On Local Sparse Representation
Ashna.M.D, Nishidha T
Dodecagonal Space Vector PWM for Two Level Inverter Fed Open End Winding Induction Motor Drive
Devika.V.V, Vinita Chellappan
A Standalone Operation of PMSG based Wind Turbine Generating Systems with Energy Management by Hybrid Energy Storage
Navya Devarajan, Baby Sindhu A V, Sarath Mohan
Double Flying Capacitor Multi cell Converter based on Modified Phase Shifted Pulse width Modulation
Neema Rasheed, Saritha M
VLSI Architecture for High Performance Montgomery Modular Multiplication
Khadeeja Thameema, Santo Mathew
XML based System for the Detection of Cardiac Abnormalities from ECG Data
Pratheesh Bose V., Sambhu D.
RoMed – Robotic Vehicle for Pill Delivery
Sruthi Sivakumar, Priyanka Devi N., Kaveri S., Nadia Nujum, Nandan S.
Abstract
Quasi âZ- Source Inverter for Photovoltaic Power Generation
Aswini M V, Dr. Jayaprakash P
Abstract:
Quasi Z-source inverter is a recently developed topology derived from Z-source inverter (ZSI) which is capable of boosting action along with inversion. QZSI is a one-stage power conditioner that employs a capacitor-inductor network for connecting inverter to photovoltaic module. By means of controlling shoot-through duty cycle, the objective of tracking maximum power point can be accomplished. In comparison with ZSI, QZSI benefits some prominent privileges such as lower component ratings and source constant dc current. In this paper, through introducing an appropriate control structure, QZSI is used for connecting photovoltaic system to single phase grid. In the control structure, maximum power with unity power factor and low THD current is delivered to grid by controlling modulation index via PI controller. The proposed system is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink.
Keywords:
Quasi Z Source inverter, Shoot -through duty ratio, Maximum power point tracking, Grid connected inverter.
Abstract
Real Time Image Denoising using Synchronized Bilateral Filter
Chandni C S, Pushpakumari R
Abstract:
A detailed description of a bilateral filter for image processing is given. The method is non-iterative, local, and simple. It combines gray levels based on both their geometric closeness and their photometric similarity and prefers near values to distant values in both domain and range. The distinctive feature of our design concept consists of processing the entire filter window in one-pixel clock cycle. This feature of the kernel-based design is supported by the arrangement of the input data into groups. Additionally, by the exploitation of the separability and the symmetry of one filter component, the complexity of the design is widely reduced. Combining these features, the bilateral filter is implemented as a highly parallelized pipeline with very economical and effective utilization of dedicated resources. Due to the modularity of the filter design, kernels of different sizes can be implemented with low effort using our design and given instructions for scaling. The resulting image quality depends on the chosen filter parameters only. This filter requires a single image or frame to denoise.
Keywords:
Bilateral filter, image denoising, real-time processing, register matrix, photometric filter, geometric filter.
Abstract
A Review on EEG Classification for Motor Imagery Brain Computer Interface
Sagee G.S., Hema S.
Abstract:
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a communication pathway between a human brain and an external device. For paralysed people BCI acts as an interface to control and regulate external devices and replaces their lost motor functionality. A motor imagery BCI converts a subject's thought about a motor activity into control signals which in turn controls the intended device. The EEG signals that are produced according to the motor imaging need to be processed and analysed using various signal processing algorithms. Learning and modelling the brain activity presents a huge challenge in the accurate classification of this EEG and hence affects the performance of the BCI system. The importance of feature extraction stage is that, since the brain regions work in collaboration during an activity the correlation between the EEG signals must be considered during this phase. The tasks need to be classified accurately by efficient feature translation algorithms. This paper is a study on different signal processing techniques for the accurate extraction of EEG features and their classification for an efficient motor imagery BCI system. Different discrimination algorithms based on frequency, temporal and spatial domains are being analysed.
Keywords:
Brain Computer Interface, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Separable Common Spatio -Spectral Patterns, Neural Networks, Common Bayesian Network.
Abstract
Grid Connected Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter
Aswathy M. Prince, Shahin M
Abstract:
In the microgid system, the distributed energy resource (DER) based inverters are usually adopted. Multilevel inverters have been attracting in favour of academia as well as industry in the recent decade for high power and medium voltage energy control and its multilevel concept is used to decrease the THD in the output waveform without decreasing the inverter power output and it also offer high power capability, lower commutation losses and less stress on semiconductor switches. The inverter topology in this paper is a five-level grid connected inverter having the ability to produce minimum THD with reduced number of switches and reduction in space utilization with simple control logic. The five-level inverter requires only six switches instead of eight required in the CCHB inverter. In addition, two active switches are operated at the line frequency. The most attractive feature of this proposed topology is that it requires only two carriers for developing the multilevel output; hence the control logic is simple. The inverter is simulated for both off-grid and on-grid applications. The inverter current THD is obtained as 1.74% which is less than 5.0% and compatible with the THD utility standards.
Keywords:
Distributed Energy Resources (DER); Photovoltaic (PV); DC/DC converter; Conventional Cascade H- Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CCHB).
Abstract
Power Quality Improvement using Canonical Switching Cell Converter Fed BLDC motor drive
Anju.A.S, Dr. Rajesh.M
Abstract:
Power factor correction (PFC) methods shapes the input current to maximise the real power from the supply mains. And they are also employed in present power supplies to comply with regulatory requirements. The rectifier circuits with power factor correction generally employs boost converters and as a result the output voltage becomes limited. To expand the controlled voltage range, buck-boost or Cuk converter types should be utilized. The converter which is advantageous over other converters must be utilised. Here the 'canonical switching cell' (CSC) converter is employed and it is advantageous over other converters. In this paper, the design and simulation of a reduced sensor based CSC converter fed brushless dc motor (BLDCM) drive for low-power household applications is discussed. The BLDCM is electronically commutated for reduced switching losses in voltage source inverter (VSI) due to low-frequency switching. By varying the dc-bus voltage of VSI, the speed of BLDCM is controlled. A front-end CSC converter operating in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is used for dc-bus voltage control with unity power factor at ac mains, then voltage follower method can be effectively used. Since voltage follower method is used for the control, only one voltage sensor is needed which is advantageous. And also it is a cost-effective method. From the simulation analysis it is observed that the THD is improved drastically by employing this converter and the analysis of the circuit is also performed.
Keywords:
Brushless dc motor (BLDCM), canonical switching cell (CSC) converter discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM), power factor correction (PFC).
Abstract
LMF Based Control of Single Stage Dual Purpose Three-Phase Four-Wire Grid Connected SPV System with Reduced Rating VSC
Vivek Narayanan, Jayaprakash P
Abstract:
A three-phase four wire grid connected Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system consisting of a three leg voltage source converter (VSC) and a star/delta transformer is proposed. This topology provides injection of real power from PV panel as well as mitigate various power quality problems. The proposed topology uses a star/delta transformer hence the ratings of VSC reduced. It provides power factor correction by reactive power compensation along with harmonic elimination, load balancing and neutral current compensation in three phase four wire distribution system. The neutral point of load is connected to the neutral of star winding so that it provides a path to the zero sequence fundamental as well as harmonic neutral currents. It doesn't use additional DC-DC conversion stage and hence having higher efficiency as compared to double stage topology. The proposed grid interfaced SPV system consists of a SPV array, Voltage Source Converter, Star/Delta transformer, three phase grid and linear/nonlinear loads. The DC bus voltage of a three phase VSC is regulated for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) from the PV array. In this paper, a LMF (Least Mean Fourth) based control of a single stage dual purpose grid connected SPV system is proposed and simulation based on MATLAB and Simpower System Blockset demonstrates the dual purpose of the system.
Keywords:
Solar photovoltaic, MPPT, voltage source converter, Star/delta Transformer, Neutral Current Compensation, UPF operation, harmonic elimination.
Abstract
Power Quality Improvement in Induction Motor Drive using 24-Pulse AC-DC Converter Employing Pulse Multiplication Technique
Greeshma C, Rajesh M
Abstract:
The term multipulse is characterized as any number of six n-pulse bridge rectifiers connected in series or parallel, where n is greater than one. The two fundamental points of interest to utilizing multi-pulse rectifier topologies are a decrease in the ac input line current harmonic and a reduction in the dc output voltage ripple. One of the outline objectives in multipulse converters is to increase the pulse number so as to wipe out more harmonics in the input line current. Numerous multipulse converters are acquainted with accomplish clean power, for example, an ordinary 12- pulse converters, 18- pulse converter and 24- pulse system. These multi pulse converters are shaped by a blend of 6- pulse bridge rectifiers, isolation transformers and so on which result in extensive size and cost. Moreover, in multipulse system careful attention topractical aspects, for example, leakage reactance in series witheach diode rectifier bridge interphase reactor windingdesign and pre-existing utility voltage distortion isimportant for equal current sharing and elimination ofharmonics in the input line currents.
Keywords:
Phase shifting transformer, multipulse ac-dc converter (MPCs), pulse multiplication, VSI, Induction Motor drive.
Abstract
Design and Analysis of Metamaterial based Rectangular Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication
Reshmi R Kumar, Saranya JS, Sreedevi BS
Abstract:
The role of communication satellite in natural and global information infrastructure is diverse. A metamaterial based rectangular patch antenna is designed for satellite communication which is cantered at 4GHz of C- band and the antenna characteristics namely return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern are analysing. The C-band communication which ranges in 4-8 GHz, are less disturbed by noises and heavy rain. Moreover the bandwidth available in C-band is cheaper. The main application of C-band is Television communication. The television applications use C- band and Ku-band of electromagnetic spectrum. The specified antenna can be used in LNB (Low Noise Block converter) of DTH (Direct To Home). Normally, DTH is used for Ku-band due to the reduced dimension of antenna. But C-band requires large dimension, hence the antenna is designed using metamaterial approach which can reduce the size of antenna up to 50% .The micro strip patch antenna is used increasable because it can be directly printed on the circuit board and is of low profile and low cost. Antennas employing metamaterial offer the possibility of overcoming restrictive efficiency bandwidth limitations for conventionally constructed, miniature antennas. The High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to design this antenna which is more accurate and give faster solution. The designed frequency band and size of antenna are meeting the requirement of antenna used for the satellite communication, especially in television application.
Keywords:
Metamaterial, microstrip patch antenna, HFSS,C-band.
Abstract
Liver Tumor Segmentation using Adaptive Thresholding
Anju Krishna M., Deepesh Edwin
Abstract:
Liver the largest organ in human body plays an important role in detoxification of various metabolites, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. But liver cancer is one of the important disease which affect the liver. The different imaging modalities such as ultrasound scan, CT scan, MRI scan etc are used to obtain the abdominal images & here we concentrate on CT images. The manual process of doing segmentation from CT image is very time consuming and tedious task requiring expert radiologist and hence it is associated with many challenges. Therefore, we need automatic machine learning process, helps to achieve automatic segmentation of liver tumor. Here we use adaptive thresholdig method to sement the liver and liver tumor from abdominal CT image.
Keywords:
Liver, Tumor, Abdominal CT scan, Segmentation.
Abstract
An Embedded PSO Approach to Facial Emotion Recognition
Semna K, Najla PR
Abstract:
Facial expression recognition system using evolutionary particle swarm optimization (PSO)- based feature optimization employs modi?ed local binary patterns, which conduct horizontal and vertical neighborhood pixel comparison, to generate a discriminative initial facial representation. Then, a PSO variant embedded with the concept of a micro genetic algorithm (mGA), called mGA embedded PSO, is proposed to perform feature optimization. It incorporates a nonreplaceable memory, a small-population secondary swarm, a new velocity updating strategy, a subdimension- based in-depth local facial feature search, and a cooperation of local exploitation and global exploration search mechanism to mitigate the premature convergence problem of conventional PSO. Multiple classi?ers are used for recognizing seven facial expressions. Based on a comprehensive study using within- and cross-domain images from the extended Cohn Kanade and MMI benchmark databases, respectively, the empirical results indicate that proposed system outperforms other state-of-the-art PSO variants, conventional PSO, classical GA, and other related facial expression recognition models reported in the literature by a signi?cant margin.
Keywords:
Ensemble classi?er, facial expression recognition, feature selection, particle swarm optimization (PSO).
Abstract
Sparse Face Recognition System Using OMP
Sujitha P., Dr. Arathi T.
Abstract:
It is very challenging to recognize face images with illumination and expression variations in the presence of missed information, hence it turns to be an active research topic. This paper presents a greedy algorithm called Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) which can be proved theoretically and empirically that a signal with many zero entries can be recovered reliably. Existing sparse algorithms are basis pursuit, matching pursuit (MP) and Lasso. OMP differs from MP, in that the columns in MP are not orthonormal where as in OMP the column vectors are made orthonormal before start . The running time of MP is high when compared to OMP. The idea of sparse is widely used for implementing all these algorithms. The term sparse refers to a measurable property that concerns the number of non-zero entries present in a vector termed as sparsity. Recognition of a sparse image is presented here. OMP is an iterative algorithm which takes the images as the columns of a dictionary. The algorithm selects the column vector which most closely resembles a residual vector.A global optimum solution is obtained from sequence of locally optimum solutions.
Keywords:
sparse, sparsity, orthogonal matching pursuit, basis pursuit, matching pursuit.
Abstract
Single-Inductor Series-Switch Five-Level Dual Buck Full Bridge Inverter
Devika K, Asokan O.V.
Abstract:
The conventional inverters are used to convert the DC from non-renewable sources to AC required for grid. The problems faced by these inverters are unexpected occurrence of shoot-through within the bridge arms and failure of reverse recovery during freewheeling mode. The dual buck inverters (DBI) will not suffer the problems due to shoot through and reverse recovery. In order to improve the efficiency and quality of output, dual buck multilevel inverters are used. They can provide better AC output with lower number of components than conventional multilevel inverters.
In this paper a comparison of three level dual buck inverter and series-switch five level dual buck full bridge inverter is discussed. A novel topology of series-switch five-level dual buck full bridge with single inductor is proposed. The proposed topology requires single inductor and hence the size is reduced. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results obtained validate the performance of the proposed topology.
Keywords:
Dual Buck Inverter, Multilevel Inverter, Three-Level Dual Buck Inverter, Series-Switch Five-Level Dual Buck Inverter, Single-Inductor.
Abstract
Bidirectional Quasi Z-Source Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive
Manjusha N, Divyalal R K
Abstract:
A novel direct control of high performance bidirectional quasi-Z-source inverter (BQZSI), with optimized controllable shoot-through insertion, to improve the voltage gain, efficiency and to reduce total harmonic distortion is investigated. The most traditional power converters used for adjustable speed drives (ASD) is the voltage source inverter. The VSI usually requires an additional boost converter. This additional converter stage increases cost and complexity and lowers overall efficiency of the power conversion system. Also, the voltage sags can interrupt traditional ASD systems, thus shutting down critical loads and processes. Theoretically, the original Z-source, Quasi-Z-source, and embedded Z-source all have unlimited voltage gain. Practically, however, a high voltage gain (>2 or 3), will result in a high voltage stress imposed on the switches. Every additional shoot-through state increases the commutation time of the semiconductor switches, thereby increasing the switching losses in the system. Hence, minimization of the commutation time by optimal placing of the shoot- through state in the switching time period is necessary to reduce the switching loss. To overcome this problem, a combination of bidirectional quasi-Z-source inverter with a maximum constant boost control with third harmonic injection is proposed. This is achieved by voltage-fed quasi-Zsource inverter with continuous input current, implemented at the converter input side which can boost the input voltage by utilizing the extra switching state with the help of shoot-through state insertion technique. The power flow can be bidirectional by connecting an active switch anti-parellel with the diode in BQ-ZSI. So it can also be used for electrical vehicle applications, since it requires both bidirectional power flow. By using a BQ-ZSI, it is possible to handle the energy in both sides. This bidirectional converter can improve the efficiency of the induction motor. So that the proposed converter have a great future in Electric Vehicle systems.
Keywords:
Bidirectional quasi-Z-source inverter (BQ-ZSI), adjustable speed drive system application, reverse power flow.
Abstract
Single Phase Multilevel Inverter for Induction Motor Drives
Nithya Chandran, Sangeetha K
Abstract:
Conventional inverters require numerous DC voltage sources, switches and increased converter cost for high voltage applications. In high power and high voltage applications, the two level inverters have some limitations mainly due to switching losses, dv/dt and di/dt stresses and constraint of the semiconductor power device ratings. To overcome these issues multilevel inverters can be employed. Multilevel approach gives reduced stress on semiconductor switches, lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at output, low switching losses, high voltage capability, and ease of control. Hence multilevel inverters are gaining more importance and detailed research and studies are still going on in this area.
In this paper design and simulation results of single phase seven level, inverter fed induction motor drive is presented. The seven level output is obtained by an improved inverter topology with less number of circuit components and reduced output voltage THD. The multilevel inverter is controlled with phase disposition pulse width modulation. The simulation of single phase seven level inverter fed induction motor model is done by using MATLAB. The DC link capacitor voltage is balanced by using Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter (RSCC). From the simulation result it is observed that the output waveforms are better than that of a conventional inverter fed induction motor drive and output voltage THD is further reduced by employing RSCC circuit.
Keywords:
Multilevel Inverters, Voltage Balancing Circuits, Resonant Switched Capacitor Converter (RSCC), Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM).
Abstract
Dual Output Power Management Unit for a PV Battery Hybrid Energy System
Aswathi.S, Nimitha Gopinath, Dr. Devi.V
Abstract:
As we are aware energy from the environment is theoretically unlimited but the instantaneous harvested power varies with the environmental conditions and also the energy harvesting mechanism have to utilize the environmental energy fully. Power management circuits have to be built which will track the status of environmental energy and can extract the maximum power from the energy transducer. But due to environmental energy status and the energy harvesting mechanism, the real time harvested electrical power may be insufficient to drive the load. In order to guarantee the correct operation of any system, hybrid supplies were proposed where the system was powered by different kinds of energy sources. The sources can be super capacitor, fuel cell, rechargeable battery, or other environmental energy. When the output power from the primary energy source is insufficient for the load, the secondary energy source is used to power the system to achieve a longer lifetime. A method with a single inductor dual output DC-DC converter is proposed with proper power management
Keywords:
Dual input, DC-DC converter, multiple output, MPPT.
Abstract
Single phase active front end rectifier system employed in three phase variable frequency drive
Shruti K K, Valsalan T, Poorani S
Abstract:
In many countries single-phase power is used for rural power distribution which limits the use of three phase variable frequency drives (VFDs). Three-phase VFDs are often required to operate from a single-phase ac source. The aim of this project is to design and implement a circuit that can be used for three phase VFDs operating from single phase ac source. Powering up of three-phase VFDs from single-phase ac source requires addressing many issues: higher RMS value of input diode current, higher ripple voltage across the dc bus capacitor, higher peak input current, higher input current distortion, lower power factor and poor system efficiency. All of these lead to severe derating of VFDs for single-phase applications. A new low-cost single-phase active circuit based on injecting current into the midpoint of the dc bus employing only one bidirectional switch can be used to address the aforementioned problems. This method shows that VFDs need not be derated to achieve rated output power.
Keywords:
Drives for rural applications, single-phase active filter, single-phase input drives, single-phase-to-three-phase converter.
Abstract
Solar PV Fed Interleaved Boost Sepic Converter
Deena J Baby, P Baburaj
Abstract:
Increased threat of environmental contamination, global warming and other environmental factors significantly contributes to the development of renewable energy sources (RES). Among the RES, solar photovoltaic (PV) has become the most promising technology. PV has several advantages that it is free, abundant, noise free and pollution free. This paper presents an interleaved boost sepic converter which utilizes the benefits of interleaved topology. The interleaving effect of source inductors ensures low ripple current drawn from PV source. The power stage has been split into smaller ones and hence the cost and ratings of components has been reduced. This converter can operate in either voltage control mode or current control mode. Due to low ripple current from the PV source, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) efficiency is increased. Incremental conductance(IC) based MPPT control algorithm, along with a PI controller is used to track maximum power. Under rapidly varying irradiation conditions, IC method tracks maximum power point (MPP) with minimum error. The simulation of interleaved boost sepic converter has been done in MATLAB software. It has been observed that input inductor current ripple has been reduced. The interleaved boost sepic converter can be used for low voltage dc micro grid applications. The increased component count of the interleaved boost sepic converter can be justified by the reduced cost.
Keywords:
Renewable Energy Source (RES), Photo Voltaic (PV), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Incremental Conductance (IC).
Abstract
Multiple Object Detection, Identification and Tracking Based On Local Sparse Representation
Ashna.M.D, Nishidha T
Abstract:
Sparse representation has been successfully applied to visual tracking for finding the suitable candidate by using the target templates. But most of the sparse representation based trackers only consider the holistic representation of the target object and do not make the full use of the sparse coefficients to discriminate between target and background. Hence may fail with more possibility, when there is similar object or occlusion in the scene. This paper studies the visual tracking problem in video sequences and presents a sparse tracker using coarse and fine dictionaries. This representation exploits both partial and structural information of the target based on averaging and alignment-pooling method. The similarity obtained by pooling across the local patches helps not only locate the target more accurately but also handle partial occlusion. Object detection, identification and tracking are the three main objectives of this paper. For object/person detection a superpixel based face detection algorithm is used here that is followed by moment-based matching and isosceles triangle matching. Object tracking can be done by using extended Kalman filtering method. In addition, this method employs a template update strategy which combines incremental subspace learning and local sparse representation. This strategy adapts the template to the appearance change of the target with less possibility of drifting and reduces the influence of the occluded target template as well. The proposed algorithm is superior in accuracy and it has better robustness against to partial and full occlusion.
Keywords:
Object tracking, sparse coding, averaging, alignment-pooling, occlusion detection.
Abstract
2D/3D Crack Detection via Particle Filtering and Volume Rendering
Anusree K, Najla P R
Abstract:
Cracks are an important indicator of the safety status of infrastructures. Detection of cracks on civil structure is a vital task for maintaining the structural health and reliability of buildings. The proposed system has the ability to i) identify crack, ii) report the type, iii) estimate the length and width of the crack, iv) also estimate the depth of crack in pillars by 3D approach . This method presents a novel automated crack detection algorithm using particle filter. Cracks can be classified in accordance with their geometrical form as vertical, horizontal, diagonal and complex. The proposed approach eliminates the complex cracks geometry because it is very rare in structures. However, with this proposed method, we can measure 94% of all cracks. This system eliminates the need for manually tuning threshold parameters. In this paper, the system based on machine vision concepts has been developed with the goal to automate the process of crack geometry measurement. A single camera installed in a truck or even in a robot is used to take sequence of images is processed and the crack dimensions are estimated.
Keywords:
Image analysis, machine vision, particle filter, crack depth, volume rendering.
Abstract
SPST to DPDT Switching Conversion Module for Solid State Relays (SSR)
Govindan Unni, Deepak S
Abstract:
All Solid State Relays (SSR) manufactured till today are only capable of Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) switching. The main motive of Solid State Relay(s) was to replace the use of conventional Mechanical Relay(s) for various switching applications. As SSRs offer only SPST switching unlike Mechanical Relay(s) which offers all kinds of switching options like Single Pole Single Throw (SPST), Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT), Double Pole Single Throw (DPST) and Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) packed inside a single enclosure, the usage of SSRs for switching applications are getting restricted. However in order to solve this problem, using various switching techniques and electronic circuits, we can make a combination of Solid State Relay(s) connected to an electronic module, so that we can make them switch under any configuration such as SPST, SPDT, DPST or DPDT by giving a desired D.C input signal(s). Moreover this module can also be used as anormal Relay Module to control individual Relay(s) separately by switching it to different D.C input signal(s).
Keywords:
Relay, Solid State Relays, SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, D.C.
Abstract
Picode and Vicode: Embedded Picture and Embedded video Barcode Technique
Vrindha U.K, Rajesh R
Abstract:
2D barcodes are considered as an interface to connect potential customers and advertisement contents. Due to their crowdie appearance it gives no human readable information before the barcode is successfully decoded. The information content present in a 2D barcode can be delivered via a simple camera phone with a suitable decoding software in it.With the advanced communication principle a picture could be integrated into a 2D barcode called picode is developed, with this idea, a video clip, an image and an audio is integrated into a series of 2D barcode called vicode is also developed. To realise both picode and vicode a new modulation and demodulation schemes are developed and a new decoding scheme known as low density parity check code is used to provide better error rate performance than a traditional 2D barcode. The use of OFDM will increase the speed and accuracy while transmitting the multimedia messages. Picode and Vicode has been implemented in the MATLAB on a PC and it is successfully demonstrated for the real-world applications.
Keywords:
2D barcode, 3D barcode, embedded picture, video and audio, Perceptual quality.
Abstract
An Approach of Color Standardization in Pathological Images
Amal Kumar R G, Arun Lal C.K
Abstract:
In digital histo-pathology, tasks of segmentation and disease diagnosis are achieved by quantitative analysis of image content. However, color variation in image samples makes it challenging to produce reliable results. This paper introduces a complete normalization scheme to address the problem of color variation in histo-pathology images jointly caused by inconsistent biopsy staining and non-standard imaging condition. Method: Different from existing normalization methods that either address partial cause of color variation or lump them together, our method identifies causes of color variation based on a microscopic imaging model and addresses inconsistency in biopsy imaging and staining by an illuminant normalization module and a spectral normalization module, respectively. In evaluation, we use two public datasets that are representative of histo-pathology images commonly received in clinics to examine the proposed method from the aspects of robustness to system settings, performance consistency against achromatic pixels, and normalization effectiveness in terms of histological information preservation. Results: As the saturation-weighted statistics proposed in this work generates stable and reliable color cues for stain normalization, our scheme is robust to system parameters and insensitive to image content and achromatic colors. Conclusion: Extensive experimentation suggests that our approach outperforms state-ofthe- art normalization methods as the proposed method is the only approach that succeeds to preserve histological information after normalization. Significance: The proposed color normalization solution would be useful to mitigate effects of color variation in pathology images on subsequent quantitative analysis.
Keywords:
Color variation, illuminant normalization, histological information preservation, Histo-pathology image.
Abstract
Face Recognition from Low Resolution Face Images; A Review
Roshnan.R., Naveens.
Abstract:
Face recognition is effective when input low resolutions are of high resolution (HR). Face images captured by surveillance cameras are of low resolution (LR) uncontrolled pose and illumination etc. There are several methods to improve the quality of low resolution image and perform the face recognition process. This paper primarily focuses on the review of those methods. The main objective is to find out and compare completely automatic approaches for recognizing low-resolution face images captured in uncontrolled environment. The approaches used are Discriminative super resolution, Hallucination using Eigen transformation, singular value decomposition, Simultaneous super resolution and recognition.
Keywords:
Low resolution, hallucination, super resolution.
Abstract
Block Formulated Efficient Reconfigurable Interpolation Filter
Akhil S R., Pramod P.
Abstract:
Interpolators are used in digital signal processing systems to increase the sampling rate. An interpolation filter consist of an input matrix and coefficient matrix with up-sampling factor P and filter length N. Interpolation filter has different coefficient vector for different up-sampling factors. Here interpolation filter architecture is designed for different up-sampling factors. Reuse of partial results in reconfigurable filter for eliminating redundancy in computation.Parallel computation is performed by block formulation method. Reconfigurable Interpolation filter is implemented using VHDL language by Xilinx software. A ripple carry adder is used in filter architecture for performing addition operation. A block formulated reconfigurable architecture is presented for area, delay and power efficient realization of interpolation filter.
Keywords:
Interpolation, Reconfigurable, VLSI.
Abstract
Dodecagonal Space Vector PWM for Two Level Inverter Fed Open End Winding Induction Motor Drive
Devika.V.V, Vinita Chellappan
Abstract:
A dodecagonal space vector pulse width modulation method for a two level inverter fed open end winding induction motor is discussed. Space vector PWM (SVPWM) method is one of the best suited controlling techniques as it reveals better utilisation of dc link voltage, high modulation index and posses only less harmonics compared to other methods. For conventional hexagonal SVPWM, output voltage is not purely sinusoidal which results in more harmonic contents. So to overcome this problem, 12 sided SVPWM is used. Since the 12 sided polygonal structure is near to a circular shape, the output so obtained will be near to sinusoidal. This will reduce the harmonics and a better input is given to the induction motor. It can be seen that fifth and seventh order harmonics is completely eliminated from the output voltage. Dodecagonal SVPWM is achieved by connecting two 2 level inverters on both sides of an open end winding induction motor. Here equal power is fed from both ends of the induction motor and the inverters which are of half the rated machine can be used. Thus the cost regarding the inverters can be reduced. Here, dodecagonal space vector PWM for two level inverter fed open end winding induction motor is simulated in MATLAB and the simulation results obtained shows that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is only 4.34% for an output phase voltage of 415 V with a speed of 1425 rpm.
Keywords:
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM), Dodecagonal SVPWM, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Open End Winding Induction Motor, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).
Abstract
A Standalone Operation of PMSG based Wind Turbine Generating Systems with Energy Management by Hybrid Energy Storage
Navya Devarajan, Baby Sindhu A V, Sarath Mohan
Abstract:
Standalone operation of a wind turbine generating system during fluctuating wind and variable load conditions is a difficult task. Moreover, high reactive power demand makes it more challenging due to the limitation of reactive capability of the wind generating power system. A Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system consisting of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), a hybrid energy storage, a dump load and a mains load is considered in this project. The hybrid energy storage consisting of a battery storage and a Supercapacitor where both are connected to the DC bus of the RAPS system. An energy management algorithm (EMA) is proposed for the hybrid energy storage in order to improve the performance of the battery storage. A coordinated control approach is introduced to manage the active and reactive power flows among the RAPS components. In this regard, individual controllers for each RAPS component have been developed for effective management of the RAPS components. The results will be carried out through MATLAB/Simulink R2014a environment.
Keywords:
Battery storage, hybrid energy storage system, permanent magnet synchronous generator, remote area power supply, super capacitor.
Abstract
Grid Connected Solar PV System with Power Quality Improvement
Vrinda AV, Sheeja V
Abstract:
Solar photovoltaic (SPV) energy is the most important energy due to its eco-friendly nature and cost-effectiveness. Nowadays, grid interfaced SPV generating systems are becoming popular than stand alone SPV power generation.This paper discusses about the design and control of a grid interfaced solar photovoltaic (SPV) system which also mitigates power quality problems in three-phase distribution system. The grid connected SPV system consists of a PV array, DC/DC converter, a three leg VSC (Voltage Source Converter), grid and linear/nonlinear loads. Along with this, a suitable control algorithm (based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory) is also implemented for improved power quality so as to provide zero voltage regulation (ZVR) or power factor correction (PFC) along with harmonic elimination and load balancing. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink shows the performance of the proposed control strategy for power quality improvement under various modes of operation.
Keywords:
Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT), Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV), Zero Voltage Regulation (ZVR), Power Factor Correction (PFC), Power Quality (PQ).
Abstract
A Review on Compression Methods for JPEG Image Collections
Hari Krishnan K
Abstract:
Owing to the massive developments in the field of photography, photos are something very common these days. With the fast development and prevailing use of handheld cameras, cost as well as required photography skills is much lower than before. This has created a significant problem of storage for personal devices and cloud platforms. Image compression involves reducing the number of bits needed for representing an image, and lossless compression in particular is employed when we need to get the original image reconstructed perfectly from the compressed image. In this paper, a study of different methods used for compressing JPEG image sets is carried out.
Keywords:
Image compression, lossy, lossless, JPEG, recompression, image set, image collection, image coding.
Abstract
A Survey on the Methods of Seizure Prediction
Parvathy Prathap, Aswathy Devi T
Abstract:
Seizure prediction is important as far as the safety and health of an epileptic person is concerned. It helps in taking precautions before a seizure strikes a person. There are several methods to predict the onset of seizure. This paper primarily focuses on a survey of such available methods and their important features. The primary aim is to conquer a seizure prediction algorithm which can be used in portable devices which can even be implanted within the patient. Different methods use different EEG features which can uniquely identify the onset of a seizure thereby reducing false positives.
Keywords:
seizure, adaboost, fuzzy, spike rate, divergence, ictal, spectral power ratio.
Abstract
High Speed and Energy Saving Carry Skip Adder
Divyashree L.K., Pramod P.
Abstract:
VLSI technology is to optimize any type of digital architecture because this optimization is mainly used to enhance the various applications. A high speed and low energy carry skip adder (CSKA) structure has been proposed here. The speed enhancement is realized by applying concatenation and incrementation schemes to increase the efficiency of the conventional CSKA structure. Rather than utilizing the multiplexer logic, the proposed structure makes use of AND-OR-Invert (AOI) and OR-AND-Invert (OAI) compound gates for the skip logic. The structure increases the speed and energy factors of the adder. A hybrid variable structure reduces the power consumption without influencing the speed, is done. The proposed structures are estimated by comparing their speed, power, and area parameters with those of other adders in Xilinx ISE using VHDL.
Keywords:
Carry skip adder (CSKA), high performance, energy efficient, AOI/OAI, hybrid variable latency adder.
Abstract
Shunt Active Power Filter with Hysteresis Current Control
Haritha V M, Athira M
Abstract:
The intensive use of various nonlinear loads like power electronics equipment create harmonics. These harmonics causes very serious damage in powers system such as resonance, overheating of neutral wire, low power factor, damage of microprocessor based equipment. In order to overcome this problem shunt active power filter is introduced. The proposed scheme is a combination of PI controller, active filter, hysteresis current control loop and a dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is from hysteresis current controller techniques. With all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. This paper presents the simulation and analysis of shunt active power filter to compensate harmonics .The proposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This scheme successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensate current harmonics. The model is made in MATLAB / SIMULINK and successfully reduces the harmonic in the source current.
Keywords:
Shunt active power filter, reference current generation, hysteresis current control.
Abstract
Double Flying Capacitor Multi cell Converter based on Modified Phase Shifted Pulse width Modulation
Neema Rasheed, Saritha M
Abstract:
The multilevel converters receive wide acceptance in industry and energy systems because they enable the design of medium and high voltage systems with excellent output voltage quality. Among the different topologies for multilevel converters, multicell converters feature the highest degree of modularity and the lowest expense for redundancy due to the large number of cells they have, as well as the lowest harmonic content due to the large number of output voltage levels they produce. In this paper a Four-cell Nine-level DFCM Converter is explained.The main advantages of this converter, in comparison with FCM, are doubling the rms and the number of output voltage levels and improving the output voltage frequency spectrum. Moreover the number of high frequency switches,flying capacitors and input dc voltage sources are reduced by 50%.This converter is controlled by modified phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation technique.The Four-cell nine-level DFCM circuit is simulated in MATLAB software and simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the respective configuration and the THD for the converter was found to be less than 1%(which meets the harmonic standards of IEEE).
Keywords:
Flying capacitor multicell (FCM) converter, phase shifted pulsewidth modulation (PSPWM), natural balance, stacked multicell (SM) converter).
Abstract
Area-Delay Efficient Reconfigurable FIR Filter Architecture
Nisha C.K., Pramod P.
Abstract:
Transpose form finite impulse response (FIR) filter based on block formulation method can be used for reconfigurable applications. This reconfigurable FIR filter architecture realization is area, delay and power efficient. Transpose form finite impulse response filters are inherently pipelined and support multiple constant multiplication (MCM) technique that results in significant saving of computation. By block formulation method data samples in fixed size blocks are processed consecutively. General multiplier based architecture for transpose form configuration of filter, for which efficient multiplication can be performed by dadda multiplier in terms of area, delay and power. Reconfigurable FIR filter is implemented using VHDL language by Xilinx software.
Keywords:
Transpose form, Block formulation, Reconfigurable, Multiple Constant Multiplication, Dadda multiplier.
Abstract
VLSI Architecture for High Performance Montgomery Modular Multiplication
Khadeeja Thameema, Santo Mathew
Abstract:
Montgomery Modular Multiplication is a method for performing fast modular multiplication. Montgomery Modular Multiplication is used for encryption process in Public Key Cryptography.This paper proposes a Semi Carry Save (SCS) based Montgomery Modular Multiplication, with high speed performance. One Carry Save Adder(CSA) is used to avoid carry propagation at each addition operation. The CSAis reused for operand pre-computation and format conversion leading to a short critical path delay. Proposed Montgomery modular Multiplier is implemented using VHDL language in Xilinx software. The proposed multiplier is then compared with one of the existing Montgomery multiplier in terms of area, delay and power.
Keywords:
Carry Save Adder, Montgomery Modular Multiplication, Semi Carry Save , Public Key Cryptography.
Abstract
XML based System for the Detection of Cardiac Abnormalities from ECG Data
Pratheesh Bose V., Sambhu D.
Abstract:
Analyzing the QRS complex of an Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG),it is possible to get many inferences about the working condition of heart. There are different platforms and devices available, which perform the action of ECG analysis. Access of these analysis reports are limited to closed source softwares. This paper describes a method to analyze ECG waveform from its QRS complex, detect the cardiac abnormalities present and to display the result of the analysis in a Web browser. This experiment is used to get an easier and cheap ECG analysis report to patients and also these findings will help the physicians to get a guideline about the patient's heart health.
Keywords:
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), Cardiac abnormalities, Savitzky-Golay Filter, Interoperability.
Abstract
RoMed – Robotic Vehicle for Pill Delivery
Sruthi Sivakumar, Priyanka Devi N., Kaveri S., Nadia Nujum, Nandan S.
Abstract:
The objective of this project is to develop a robotic system -RoMed; for effective storage, dispensing and tracking of medication, that helps in better hospital management. The system mainly aims at helping patients in taking their medicines in correct dosages. The characteristic features of this prototype model include: reading of distribution details at the start of the day, loading of medicines from the available stock for multiple patients based on input data, distribution and delivery at corresponding rooms. It incorporates microcontroller with servo motors for the dispensing of medicines. The device works according to the prescription entered by the doctor. There is also a provision for the doctor to change the dosage or even the medicine as required. The vehicle carries out the process by reaching out to every assigned room, notifying the inmates (alarm) about their medications and also delivering the same. The vehicle has mechanisms for obstacle detection. Upon encountering an obstacle in its path, the vehicle assumes an alternative path and continues the process assigned to it. The vehicle also has the added feature of "double trial" of deliveries. The vehicle attempts to deliver the undelivered medicines one more time if the delivery fails in the first chance, even then if the attempt fails, the information of the same is passed on to the concerned personnel. There are segregated cartridges for medicine storage. The path is predefined and realized using rpm based concept with infrared sensor array for obstacle detection.
Keywords:
Storage, dispensing, tracking, medication, cartridges.