Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid growth in population, industrialization, urbanization large amount of wastes are being generated. The accumulation of different kinds of waste (harmful and harmless) are a result of the improper disposal scheme followed in our country. Due to this, waste lies littered in the surroundings, dumped on open lands and becomes a major threat to the environment. So, waste management becomes an important concern for the health and well-being of the society. Segregation makes it possible to reuse and recycle the waste effectively and the economic value of waste is best realized when it is segregated. So, it is very crucial to have some system to manage waste automatically which is currently not here. So, our idea is to make an automatic waste segregator which can identify the different types of waste and put them in different bins accordingly and automatically. This paper proposes a novel method where the provision is given to separate out metallic, non-metallic waste and plastics into respective bins with the help of sensing action of different sensors incorporated along the conveyor belt. Here we are using AVR (Atmega 16) as the main component, to control the entire process with ease and simplicity. The sensing unit consists of IR sensor, a metal sensor and LDR and laser assembly to detect and identify various types of waste. The main architecture of the segregator comprises of three prominent stages. They are the sensing stage, segregation stage and the crushing stage. The IR sensor marks the entry of waste and is also used to check the level of the bin. The piston compresses the plastic so that a single bin can hold up to 2 times more waste than a normal bin. The wastes moving through the conveyor belt will be moved into the different bins by using a flap mechanism. The AVR controls all the activities of sensor and flap mechanism.

Keywords: AVR -Advanced Virtual Risc, LDR- Light Dependent Resistor, IR- Infra Red

Abstract: The growth of the solar industry has expanded the importance of PV system design and its application for more reliable and efficient way. BLDC motor is a better substitute of the DC motor and induction motor for PV fed water pumping. A DC-DC conversion stage is required in PV fed water pumping which is driven by a BLDC, for optimise the power using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Cost, size, complexity and efficiency is reduced due to power conversion stage. This paper deals about a single stage PV energy conversion system fed BLDC motor, by omitting DC-DC stage. The PV array is operated at its peak power using a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and also battery backup is provided. The implemented control cancelled out the need of BLDC motor phase current sensor. No additional control is involved for soft starting and speed control. Performance is evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink based simulation under various operating conditions.

Keywords: Block diagram, Control approach, MPPT, Simulation

Abstract: Nowadays, crack detection has become an important necessity for the maintenance of bridge. Earlier, bridges were inspected by a method of human inspection, which had less accuracy in finding out the presence of cracks. So here a system is proposed that uses a robot equipped with a camera that captures images of crack. This images are evaluated using image processing techniques and finally cracks are been identified using edge detection procedures. Mainly canny algorithm is used for the purpose of detecting cracks. When a crack is detected messages are sent to the concerned authority with the help of GSM. This system thus works effectively as a safety system for bridge deck maintenance.

Keywords: Robot, Raspberry Pi, GSM, Image Processing

Abstract: The proposed system is an alternative to the conventional hardware section of the interlocking and signalling methodologies adopted by Indian Railways, which are largely composed of relays and cables. In this paper, sensors, controllers and Wi-Fi modules in an integrated fashion to replace these otherwise inefficient (both in terms of energy and space) systems is presented. The presence of trains in railway tracks, detected by sensors, is used to control the railways signals, via microcontrollers. Further, this information is used to switch the siding tracks and level crossing gates through various motors. The utility of microcontrollers in this area also warrant several other additional features like pre-acknowledging loco pilots about upcoming signals, stopping the trains directly from control rooms in case of emergency, etc., which also adds to the security aspect of the entire system.

Keywords: Indian Railways; signalling; interlocking; energy efficiency; safety factors in railway; embedded systems.

Abstract: Present day world struggles a lot to provide security to students in the light of increasing child abusing and road accidents. We are here introducing, a student monitoring and security system in school bus which assist the parents to monitor their child anywhere from the world by using modern communication technologies and Internet Of Things [IOT]. By using a GSM-GPS module parents can track the child anywhere from the world. RFID module takes attendance and student details. It is then send to parents. Thus parents can keep record of their kid details. The security system prevents drunk and drive mechanism and over speeding.

Keywords: Short Message Service (SMS), Integrated Circuit (IC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS)

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce taxonomy for classification of faults such as under voltage, overvoltage, over current and frequency variations and isolate the faulty zone at distribution side in a power system. The power demand is increasing and also the management of electric power distribution system is becoming more complex. The effective detection and correction of the faults in distribution side still remains an enigma to the power company. Such situations will lead to power disruption of a wide area. The existing system offers unlimited access to the usage of energy which in turn leads to massive power wastage. The proposed system is useful for facilitating alternative supply to an emergency load from nearby healthy zone. The proposed system also controls demand by shedding loads whenever the load exceeds the peak limit and is also provided with an innovative scheme for theft detection and monitoring of electrical power theft in the electrical distribution system.

Keywords: CT-Current Transformer; PT-Potential Transformer; ZCD- Zero crossing detector