Abstract: The project's main objective is to design and implement automatic problem detection and location identification in transmission lines, as well as monitoring using the internet of things. Two single phase 230V transmission lines are being built for demonstration purposes, with continuous monitoring of the microcontroller's fault sensing. A sophisticated GSM-based defect detection and localization system was deployed to quickly and accurately pinpoint the precise spot where the problem had developed. The system provides precise fault location information, significantly cutting down on the time required to locate a flaw.

Keywords: Microcontroller (Arduino UNO / Nano / ESP32), Current Sensor (CT + burden / ACS712), Voltage Sensor Module, Fault Simulation Switches (L–G, L–L, L–L–G), Relay Module (Load isolation), LCD (16×2) / OLED, Buzzer (optional), GSM / IoT Module (SIM800 / ESP8266), Power Supply (12V → 5V regulated), Connecting wires & breadboard / PCB.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2026.14330