Evolution of Networks

Abstract: Evolution is almost unavoidable. It may be in nature or in the manmade stuffs. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It describes the protocols for second generation digital cellular networks for mobile phones. The use of GSM is more in 2nd generation digital cellular standard. In 213 countries there are more than 3 billion subscribers. Also 1000 new users being added per minute. Development of GSM was done in 1980. Before this during pre-cell days, mobile operator sets up the calls. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA, which gives wide area voice communications. GSM evolved into a 2.5G standard with the introduction of packet data transmission technology (GPRS) and higher data rates via higher order modulation schemes (EDGE). More recently, GERAN standards organization has been evolving further to coexist with and provide comparable services to 3G technologies. In this paper, we provide an over view of evolution of Mobile Generations and also the framework of 5G technology that will provide access to wide range of telecommunication services, including advanced in mobile services, supported by mobile and fixed networks.

Keywords: Evolution of Networks, GSM, TDMA, FDMA, GERAN, GPRS, ETSI.