Abstract: In the evolving landscape of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), ring oscillators play a critical role in evaluating process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations, and are widely used in applications such as clock generation, frequency synthesis, and on-chip testing. This project presents a comprehensive CMOS-based design and performance analysis of ring oscillators with varying stages using the Cadence design suite. The primary objective is to study how the number of stages impacts key performance parameters such as oscillation frequency, power consumption, propagation delay, and area.The design methodology involves the implementation of odd-stage CMOS inverter chains (3, 5, 7, and 9 stages) in the Cadence Virtuoso platform using a standard 180nm technology library. Post-layout simulations are performed using Spectre simulator to ensure accurate timing and power analysis. The frequency of oscillation is observed to decrease with an increasing number of stages, while power dissipation and area show a proportional rise. This study provides valuable insights into the trade-offs involved in the design of ring oscillators, aiding in the selection of optimal configurations for various low-power and high-speed VLSI applications.
Keywords: VLSI, Ring Oscillator, PVT, Power Consumption, Propagation Delay, Cadence Virtuoso, Spectre simulator.
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