Abstract: A brain-computer interface is a communication pathway between an external equipment and the human brain. The technology, rapidly evolving, holds tremendous power to not only catalyze innovations but also change with applications in health care, neuroprosthetics, cognitive enhancement, and possible areas in AI.
The working principle of BCIs consists of capturing signals from the brain, usually with an EEG or electrocorticography, and then applying algorithms to interpret those signals as commands through machine learning. Machine interface systems may also be lumped into three types according to their invasiveness into non-invasive, semi-invasive, and invasive. Non-invasive, unbelievable but easy to work with systems that tend to lose precision; meanwhile, invasive systems enter into the very empowered medical application just for their extreme precision.
Neuralink, founded by Elon Musk, is one of the leaders in the field, working on implantable brain-machine interfaces for restoring movement and enhancing cognitive functions. Other players in the field, such as BrainGate and OpenBCI, are thereby rapidly advancing technology to enable people to control robotic limbs and have developed open-source tools for research purposes.
Amazing developments have occurred, but a few challenges remain. Signal fidelity, delay, ethics, and regulation must all be addressed in order for BCIs to gain traction in the mainstream. With future developments in AI, neuroplasticity, and wireless communication, seamless interfacing of BCIs may become a reality.
In this paper BCIs are summarized from the science summit detailing advancements, hurdles within the field that still prevail, and arising concerns regarding ethicality. Comparison of the invasive and non-invasive mechanisms and future insights would form an important part of the paper that would focus on the coming days of this young technology.
Keywords: Brain-Computer Interface, Neuralink, Neurotechnology, Neural Signal Processing, Artificial Intelligence in BCIs, Neuroprosthetics, Neural Data Privacy
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