Abstract

Abstract: This project aims to propose design of ‘Pothole detection System’ which assists the driver in avoiding pot-holes on the roads, by giving warnings beforehand. Warnings like buzzer if the vehicle is approaching a pothole, or vehicle may be warned in beforehand about which road has more potholes. When vehicle gets this information user sees if it has sensed any discontinuities which access point does not have data about; if that is the scenario then the information about those discontinuities is transmitted to server as a feedback. Access Point updates its database with the new entries of potholes. And finally the localization subsystem which reads the data given by Access points and warns the driver regarding the occurrence of pothole.

Keywords: Potholes, detection, roads, warning.

Abstract:Sincethebeginningoftimehumanactivityhasbeendependentuponthemovementofpeopleandmerchandise.Theyrepresentasocietalinvestmentastheamount,thedurationandimmobilityofthecapitalneededforroads,railtracksharbour’scanalsairportstunnelsetcissimplygreaterthanaverage.Keepingthesethingsinconsiderationproposedsystemislesswithmultiplemethodologieswhichcanbeusedintrafficcontrolsystem.Itisimportanttoknowtheroadtrafficdensityrealtimeespeciallyinmegacitiesforsignalcontrolandeffectivetrafficmanagement.Inrecentyears,videomonitoringandsurveillancesystemshavebeenwidelyusedintrafficmanagement.UIDisinterfacedwiththesensors(XBEE),microcontrollerandapp.Sensorsprovideinputstoamicrocontrollerwhicharethencomparedwithpredetermineduserrequiredtopayments.

Keywords: Wireless Sensing Network(WSN), Zig Bee(XBee),UID.

Abstract: This  paper  proposes  a  novel  regenerative  braking scheme for electric vehicle driven by brushless dc motor and uses a  new  control  technique to  utilize  regenerative  braking energy effectively and uses fuzzy logic to utilize regenerative braking energy effectively. Drawback of electric vehicle is that long travelling, distance covered between two charging stations, less accelerating power during uphill driving. The fuel efficiency and driving range of electric vehicle can be improved by regenerative braking energy. To provide smooth brake, the electric brake distribution is realized through Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The battery has high energy density however low power density yet super-capacitor has low energy density yet high power density. Keeping in mind the end goal to conquer the faults a battery super-capacitor crossover energy stockpiling framework is utilized. During uphill driving the electric vehicle requires more power for climbing, according to the load and required power a hybrid super-capacitor battery energy storage system is switched. To control motoring and braking in electric vehicle several bidirectional converters are used to integrate batteries and super-capacitors. The braking action in regeneration is much affected because of discontinuous input current at motor end and regenerative braking failure at lower back-EMF.

Keywords: Brushless DC Motor (BLDC), EV (ElectricVehicle), Fuzzy Logic Contol (FLC), HESS (Hybrid Energy Storage System), Regenerative Braking Energy (RBE), State Of Charge (SOC).

Abstract – The analysis, design, modelling and simulation of a power supply for computers is presented. The proposed SMPS is capable of avoiding the harmonic burden associated with conventional systems. This paper presents the simulation of a SMPS using PFC bridgeless (BL) buck-boost converter at the front end which helps in the reduction of conduction losses and diode reverse recovery problems. The bridgeless buck-boost converter is operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) thereby providing inherent PFC operation and reduces complexity in control. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated under varying input voltages and loads by simulating the circuit in MATLAB/Simulink environment.

Keywords – Bridgeless (BL), power factor corrected (PFC), power quality (PQ) Total harmonic distortion (THD), DCM, High Frequency Transformer (HFT).

Abstract—The commonly observed trend in photovoltaic (PV) inverter technology is the usage oftransformerless topologies in order to acquire higher efficiencies combining with very low ground leakage current. Usually converter topologies such as buck, boost, buck-boost, sepic, flyback, push pull etc. are used in a Grid Connected Photo-voltaic System (GCPVS). Loss factors such as irradiance, temperature, shading effects etc. have zero loss in a two stage system, but additional converter used will lead to an extra loss which makes the single stage system more efficient when compared to a two stage systems. In this paper a new inverter topology for single stage PV system is proposed. The proposed inverter is synthesized from an inverting and non-inverting Cuk inverter where the diodes are replaced with controllable switches. Here the number of switches are reduced thereby minimizing the switching losses. Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) maximum power point tracking method is used here. The sliding mode controller is given the estimated maximum power point as a reference which enables it to track that point and force the PV system to operate in this point. The proposed inverter topology for an 80W system was designed and simulation was done in MATLAB-Simulinkand the simulation results are included.

IndexTerms—Inverting and Non-inverting Cuk converter, transformer-less inverter, reduced number of switches,SMC- MPPT, PV-grid system.

Abstract-This paper proposes a grid-tied cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) PV system based on current-fed dual-active-bridge (CF-DAB) dc-dc converters using small dc-link capacitors. The cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) has many advantages, such as modularity, low harmonic spectra, high ac voltage application with low device rating  and low electro-magnetic interference (EMI). In addition, distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) terminal for segmented PV arrays can be achieved by CMI PV converter. The low-frequency ripple-free MPPT is also realized in the proposed converter. A novel variable step-size MPPT algorithm is proposed to ensure high MPPT efficiency and fast maximum power extraction under rapid irradiation change. Fast tracking speed under rapid irradiation change and high MPPT efficiency were realized for the PV system.

 Index Terms—Current-fed dual-active-bridge (CF-DAB), dual-active-bridge (DAB), high frequency link (HFL), low-frequency ripple, maximum power point tracking (MPPT).