Wireless Power Transfer for EV Charging

Abstract: The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates advancements in charging infrastructure to address limitations in convenience, safety, and efficiency. Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) emerges as a transformative technology enabling contactless energy transmission from a power source to a vehicle, eliminating the need for physical connectors. This paper reviews the principles, design considerations, and challenges of WPT systems tailored for EV charging, focusing on resonant inductive coupling, coil alignment, power conversion, and electromagnetic compatibility. Furthermore, it evaluates recent developments in dynamic charging, where vehicles receive power while in motion, thus extending driving range and reducing battery size requirements. The integration of WPT with smart grid systems and the potential for interoperability across various vehicle models are also discussed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving high transfer efficiency under practical conditions. The paper concludes by highlighting key areas for future research, including standardization, system miniaturization, and cost reduction, to enable widespread adoption of WPT in sustainable transportation ecosystems.

Keywords: Wireless power transfer, electric vehicles, resonant inductive coupling, dynamic charging, smart grid, EV infrastructure.