Wireless Communication Technologies for Connected Electric Vehicles: A Review of 5G, IoT and OFDM-Based V2X Systems Toward 6G Mobility

Abstract: Electric vehicles have become increasingly common in recent years, and electricity consumption patterns have significantly changed, which has greatly transformed the communication systems, specifically within the transport sector. Connected Electric Vehicles (CEVs) rely heavily on the steady , accurate transmission of data to enable safety, operate intelligently , and make smart decisions fast. This study covers the communication technologies that feed into this ecosystem – 5G networks, IoT integration, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based V2X systems. Rather than approaching these technologies as standalone innovations, this review analyses their interactions in real-world vehicular applications, where practical constraints on mobility, interference, and heterogeneous network environments are encountered. The approach goes so far as to consider newer 6G networks, including AI networking approaches and more advanced integrated communication architectures. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges and gaps for further research leading to an end-to-end response in delivering connected electric mobility system deployment into a secure environment.

Keywords: Connected Electric Vehicles, V2X(Vehicle to Everything) Communication, OFDM, 5G Networks, IoT, 6G Mobility