Abstract: Manual lawn maintenance is a repetitive, time-consuming, and often physically demanding task. This paper presents the design and development of a low-cost, semi-autonomous robotic grass cutter that can be remotely operated via a smartphone. The system is architected around the versatile ESP32 microcontroller, which provides both powerful processing capabilities and integrated Bluetooth connectivity. The robot's movement and the cutter's operation are controlled by DC motors managed through a motor driver module. A key feature of the system is its sustainable power management, incorporating a lithium-ion battery pack protected by a Battery Management System (BMS) and supplemented by a solar panel for on-the-go trickle charging. User control is achieved through a standard serial Bluetooth application on a smartphone, which sends commands to the ESP32 to navigate the mower and activate the cutting mechanism. This project demonstrates a practical, safe, and eco-friendlier alternative to traditional gasoline-powered lawn mowers.
Keyword: Robotic Lawn Mower, Solar Charging, Battery Management System (BMS).

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2025.13825