Smart Cars Path Identification based on Optical Sensors

Abstract: This paper describes the design of intelligent car control system hardware and software, the entire system is involved in car models mechanical structure adjustment, the sensor circuit design and signal processing, control algorithms and strategies to optimize other aspects. A 16-bit free scale microcontroller MC9SXS128 was selected as the controller; information of road condition and car speed collected by the integrated laser tubes could be obtained by the single chip. Digital PID and PWM control techniques are used to real-time control the servo steering and front wheel steering angle, so as to guarantee a fast and safe driving of smart car along the given path.

Keywords: MC9S12XS128, Laser sensors, Intelligent Tracking PID speed control

1 MAIN IDEA OF INTELLIGENT VEHICLE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION

Intelligent vehicle is a wheeled mobile robot, a set of environment perception, decision-making planning, automatic driving and other functions in one of the integrated intelligent system. Intelligent vehicle use automatic control, pattern recognition, sensor technology, automotive electronics, electrical, computer, machinery and other disciplines of knowledge in a centralized manner. In this paper, the intelligent vehicle is a kind of automatic guided vehicle, which can travel along the track automatically in a given area. The trolley will move along the black guide lines on the white ground. Intelligent vehicle tracking system using the reflective laser tubes can identify the black line on the path, and to complete the tracing in the shortest possible time, then to adjust the speed and direction of the car. Intelligent vehicle based on photoelectric sensor is one of the most efficient types of intelligent vehicles, the sensor is the smart car's eyes and must be able to truly, quickly response to the track. Now the most popular track information acquisition sensor has the camera CCD, photoelectric sensor, electromagnetic sensor, optical fiber, light battery, etc. After the comparison test, the photoelectric sensor was chosen due to the simple detection method, anti-interference ability, and fast response speed. Photoelectric sensor is a kind of sensor that uses photoelectric element as detection element.