Abstract: Agriculture faces increasing challenges from population growth, climate change, resource scarcity, and the need for sustainable food production. Traditional farming practices often rely on generalized methods that lead to inefficiencies in crop management and resource utilization. This paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in precision agriculture and smart farming as a solution to these challenges. The main objective is to assess how AI-driven techniques can optimize agricultural operations, enhance productivity, and ensure environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review methodology was employed, drawing upon recent studies, case analyses, and technological applications such as machine learning, computer vision, robotics, and IoT-based data collection. Findings indicate that AI enables accurate crop monitoring, predictive yield estimation, soil and water management, and early detection of pests and diseases. Moreover, AI-powered autonomous systems improve efficiency in planting, irrigation, and harvesting, reducing labor dependency and operational costs. The study highlights that while AI adoption significantly boosts decision-making and resource optimization, challenges such as high initial costs, lack of rural digital infrastructure, and data privacy concerns remain barriers. In conclusion, AI has emerged as a transformative tool for precision agriculture and smart farming, offering promising pathways toward food security, climate resilience, and sustainable agricultural development.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2025.131008