Abstract: Lithium, a highly reactive metal, is widely used in rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and portable electronics due to its high energy density. Extraction of lithium involves various technologies depending on the source. For lithium brine deposits, the most common method is evaporation, where brine is pumped into large evaporation ponds, allowing water to evaporate, and leaving behind lithium-rich salts. Hard rock lithium deposits are extracted through open-pit or underground mining, followed by crushing and flotation processes to obtain lithium concentrate. Additionally, innovative techniques such as direct lithium extraction from geothermal brines and lithium recovery from seawater are being explored to meet the growing demand for this critical resource.

| DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2023.11706