Abstract: Electrical equipment is highly sensitive to voltage variations such as overvoltage and undervoltage, which may cause severe damage, reduced efficiency, and safety risks. To overcome this problem, this project proposes an IoT-based voltage monitoring and protection system using the ESP32 microcontroller. In the proposed system, an AC voltage sensor and AC current sensor continuously measure the electrical parameters of the supply.

Keywords: IoT, ESP32, Overvoltage Protection, Undervoltage Protection, Voltage Monitoring, Relay Module

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2026.14338