Abstract: Underground cable systems are widely used in modern power distribution networks due to their reliability, safety, and reduced exposure to environmental disturbances. However, detecting faults in underground cables is a challenging task, often leading to prolonged power outages and increased maintenance costs. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based underground cable fault detection system designed to accurately identify and locate faults in real time.

The proposed system utilizes sensors and microcontroller-based circuitry to monitor electrical parameters such as voltage and current variations along the cable. When a fault occurs, the system analyzes deviations in these parameters and calculates the fault distance using predefined algorithms. The integration of IoT technology enables continuous remote monitoring, allowing fault data to be transmitted to a cloud platform or mobile application for instant access by maintenance personnel.

The system enhances fault detection accuracy, reduces manual inspection efforts, and significantly minimizes downtime. Additionally, real-time alerts and data logging improve decision-making and preventive maintenance strategies. The implementation demonstrates a cost-effective, efficient, and scalable solution for modern smart grid applications.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), Underground Cable Fault Detection, Fault Localization, Smart Grid, Remote Monitoring, Microcontroller, Voltage and Current Sensors, Real-Time Monitoring, Power Distribution System, Wireless Communication, Fault Analysis, Predictive Maintenance

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2026.14384