IoT-Based Saline Bottle Monitoring and Control System Using Wi-Fi and Android Application

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of Intravenous (IV) saline bottles is an important requirement in healthcare environments to ensure uninterrupted fluid administration and patient safety. Conventional saline monitoring methods rely primarily on manual observation by healthcare personnel, which may lead to delayed detection of low saline levels, increased workload, and potential risks such as blood backflow. To address these challenges, numerous researchers have proposed Internet of Things (IoT)-based saline monitoring systems employing different sensing technologies, wireless communication techniques, and mobile monitoring platforms.

This review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of existing IoT-based saline bottle monitoring systems reported in the literature. Various approaches, including Infrared (IR) sensor-based systems, load cell-based monitoring techniques, and capacitive sensing methods, are examined and compared. The advantages, limitations, practical challenges, and control mechanisms such as automatic flow control, valve operation, and blood backflow prevention associated with these technologies are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper identifies research gaps and highlights future directions for developing reliable, cost-effective, and intelligent saline monitoring solutions for modern healthcare applications. The review emphasizes the growing role of IoT technologies in improving patient safety, reducing healthcare workload, and enhancing the efficiency of medical monitoring systems.

Keywords: IoT, Saline Bottle Monitoring, Saline Flow Control, ESP32, Capacitive Sensor, Wi-Fi, Android Application, Smart Healthcare.