Abstract: In an era where sustainable transportation is increasingly essential, hybrid vehicles have emerged as a crucial intermediary step between conventional internal combustion engines and fully electric vehicles. However, the performance of traditional hybrid systems is often constrained by the limitations of battery-based energy storage, particularly in managing rapid energy demands such as during acceleration and regenerative braking. The "Hybrid Vehicle Supercapacitor" system introduces a transformative solution by integrating supercapacitors alongside conventional batteries. Supercapacitors are known for their high power density and rapid charge-discharge capabilities, making them ideal for handling dynamic power fluctuations and optimizing energy management. This hybridized approach enables a more responsive and efficient vehicle power system, improving not only energy utilization but also the overall driving experience.
The proposed system combines key electronic components such as the Arduino Nano microcontroller, voltage and current sensors, MOSFET drives, and an intuitive LCD interface to ensure precise control and real-time monitoring of energy flow. The supercapacitors act as short-term energy buffers, efficiently capturing and releasing energy during transient events like quick accelerations or regenerative braking phases. Meanwhile, traditional batteries manage long-term energy storage, supporting sustained power demands. The Arduino Nano plays a critical role in managing these energy flows, ensuring seamless coordination between components and optimizing system behavior based on current driving conditions. The inclusion of a user-friendly interface, complete with a buzzer and control button, allows users to access system diagnostics and energy statistics effortlessly, fostering better vehicle operation and maintanance

Keywords: Hybrid vehicle, Supercapacitor, Energy efficiency, Regenerative braking, Power management, Arduino Nano, Sustainability, Smart transportation.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2026.14454