Abstract: The growing demands for sustainable transportation and continuous improvements in battery technologies have accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). A key component within EVs is the Battery Management System (BMS), which is responsible for maintaining the safety, efficiency, and dependability of battery operation. This report provides a detailed survey of existing research on BMS design, including its architecture, core functionalities, state estimation methods, thermal regulation, and recent technological advancements. Additionally, it identifies major challenges and outlines potential directions for future research in this field. New technologies are not introduced but scope for research in this direction is discussed.

Keywords: Battery Management System, Battery Health, Electric Vehicles, Thermal Control.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2026.14448