Abstract: Electric traction systems represent a pivotal advancement in the field of Transportation, enabling the use of electrical energy for vehicle propulsion across a Wide range of applications including railways, metros, trams, trolleybuses, and Electric vehicles. These systems employ electric motors, powered either by external Sources such as overhead lines or third rails, or by onboard systems like batteries And diesel-electric generators, to produce the tractive force necessary for movement.The shift towards electric traction is driven by several critical factors, including the Demand for higher energy efficiency, the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, And the push for modernization of transport infrastructure. Unlike conventional Internal combustion systems, electric traction offers significant benefits such as Lower environmental impact, enhanced acceleration and braking performance, Regenerative energy recovery, reduced operational noise, and lower maintenance Costs.This report explores the fundamental principles of electric traction, its historical Evolution, and the various technologies that underpin modern systems. It also Examines different types of electric traction configurations, key components Involved, and the comparative advantages and challenges. In doing so, it provides a Comprehensive understanding of how electric traction is shaping the future of Sustainable and intelligent transportation systems.
Keywords: Health,Position,Tracking, GPS (Global Positioning System), Monitor.
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