DEVELOPMENT AND MULTI‑CROP EFFICACY EVALUATION OF FORTIFIED BIO‑LIQUID FERTILIZER FROM AGRO‑WASTE

Abstract: This study developed a fortified bio‑liquid fertilizer from poultry manure and lignocellulosic biomass through anaerobic co‑digestion under mesophilic conditions (35–37 °C) for 14 days, followed by mineral fortification with urea, single superphosphate (SSP), and muriate of potash (MOP) to achieve an NPK 12:6:8 formulation. Physicochemical analyses confirmed improved nutrient balance, stability, and sustained release compared with unfortified bio‑liquid. Nitrogen release reached ~90% by day 20, phosphorus ~70%, and potassium ~50%, supporting gradual nutrient availability. The fortified product demonstrated potential as a cost‑effective and eco‑friendly alternative to synthetic NPK 15:15:15, while retaining organic carbon for soil health. These findings highlight agro‑waste valorization as a viable pathway for sustainable fertilizer production, aligning with circular economy principles and agricultural intensification.

Keywords: Agro-waste valorization, Fortified Bio-liquid Fertilizer, Anaerobic digestion, Circular Economy