Design and Implementation of Smart EV Tractor for Sustainable Farming

Abstract: Existing farming practices rely mainly on diesel-powered tractors, resulting in high operational costs, health impacts from pollution, carbon emissions, and a dependence on fossil fuels.even though the Electric tractors are used it is having limited battery range, high upfront costs, lack of charging infrastructure,This slow down the widespread adoption of electric tractors in remote areas and as well as rural areas. These technical and socioeconomic obstacles must be considered and design Smart Electric Vehicle (EV) Tractor for sustainable agricultural practices. The primary objective of this research is to design a model a zero-emission electric tractor tailored for sustainable farming, aiming to reduce carbon footprints with-same endurance.this study encompasses the integration of a high-torque electric power-train, a modular battery architecture, and an Io T-driven sensor framework designed for real-time field telemetry, automated path planning, and remote monitoring.Comparative field operational trials were conducted against standard diesel/ petrol tractors across typical farming operations, including tillage, seeding, and crop transport.smart electric tractors offer a viable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable compared to traditional internal combustion engine tractors. the integration of autonomous navigation and real-time soil sensing reduced field overlap Smart electric tractors serve as a superior alternative to traditional diesel tractors. By eliminating diesel exhaust and also minimize environmental pollution while significantly lowering operational expenses. Integrating electric power with advanced precision technology allows farmers to optimize resource use and substantially cut down overall farming costs

Keywords: Smart EV Tractor, Sustainable Farming, Photovoltaic Solar Charging, Internet of Things (IoT), Embedded Microcontrollers, Precision Agriculture, Motor Drivers, Zero-Emission Machinery.