Abstract: The global automotive industry is shifting towards electric and hybrid vehicles to address environmental concerns and reduce fossil fuel dependence. Key advancements in battery technology, such as lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, have improved energy capacity, safety, and charging times. Enhanced power electronics, motor designs, and regenerative braking systems increase overall efficiency and performance. The use of lightweight materials and development of fast-charging networks extend vehicle range and usability. Furthermore, the integration of digital tools like artificial intelligence and vehicle-to-grid communication is revolutionizing vehicle connectivity and energy management. This paper examines these innovations and their role in driving the future of sustainable transportation.
Keywords: Electric Vehicles (EVs), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Battery Technology, Lithium-ion Batteries, Solid-State Batteries, Battery Management Systems (BMS), Power Electronics, Electric Motors, Regenerative Braking, Lightweight Materials, Fast Charging, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Sustainable Transportation, Energy Efficiency.
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