Abstract: Battery management systems (BMS) are employed in electric vehicles to monitor and regulate the charging and discharging of rechargeable batteries, which increases efficiency. Battery management system maintains the battery's security, dependability, and senility without putting it in a harmful state. Various monitoring approaches are employed to maintain the battery's status, including monitoring of voltage, current, and ambient temperature. Different analog/digital sensors with microcontrollers are utilised for monitoring purposes. This paper discusses a battery's maximum capacity as well as its state of charge, health, and longevity. Future problems and potential solutions can be discovered by reviewing all of these approaches. This study proposes the computation and monitoring of three important indices for EVs BMS, namely state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and state of function (SOF). The accuracy of residual capacity is questionable because the majority of SOC definitions are directly tied to nominal capacity. In order to reduce the mistake in the SOC estimation, the SOC is redefined using the current maximum capacity.
Keywords: Electric vehicle, Battery Management System (BMS), Lithium-ion Battery, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs)
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