Abstract: This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel microstrip patch antenna optimized for enhanced bandwidth, improved gain, and compact size in modern wireless communication systems. The antenna employs a modified patch geometry with strategically placed slots and a defected ground structure (DGS) to overcome limitations of conventional designs. A coaxial probe feed ensures impedance matching and stable radiation. Fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate, the design is validated through analytical models and electromagnetic simulations using HFSS and CST. Results demonstrate wider impedance bandwidth, higher gain, and stable omnidirectional radiation patterns with minimal back lobes. Parametric studies confirm design flexibility and reliability. The antenna’s performance makes it suitable for Wi-Fi, 5G, IoT, and satellite communication applications, offering a cost-effective and high-performance solution for next-generation wireless technologies.
Index Terms: Bandwidth enhancement, Coaxial probe feed, Defected ground structure (DGS), FR-4 substrate, Gain improvement, IoT, Microstrip patch antenna, Satellite communication, Wireless communication, Wi-Fi, 5G.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2026.14455