Abstract: The growing demand for sustainable nanomaterials has intensified interest in green synthesis methods that utilize plant extracts as reducing and stabilizing agents. This research focuses on the green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract by employing simulation technique. Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Hall-effect electrical transport properties in the other way were used to determine optical properties, functional groups with structural features and electrical transport properties respectively of the produced ZnO using simulation technique. UV–VIS spectra revealed a strong absorption peak around 360–380 nm, confirming the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and indicating a blue-shift associated with nanoscale dimensions. FTIR spectra displayed characteristic Zn–O vibrational bands between 430–500 cm⁻¹, along with phytochemical signatures responsible for reduction and capping. Hall measurements indicate n-type conductivity with carrier concentrations in the 1017–1019 cm⁻³ range and mobilities of 8–32 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹. The findings confirm that Neem extract is an efficient biogenic agent for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles with desirable optical and functional characteristics. The study also demonstrates that Neem-extract-mediated ZnO shows optical and electrical properties compatible with photovoltaic window layers and UV-sensing applications, while offering an eco-friendly synthesis route. The ecological and material advantages of plant-based nanoparticle synthesis were highlighted and baseline data for applications in environmental remediation, photocatalysis, and biomedical fields were provided.

Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, Neem extract, green synthesis, FTIR, UV–VIS, Hall Effect

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2025.131212