Abstract: Cyber-Physical System for Environmental Monitoring addresses the growing challenges posed by rapid environmental pollution, urbanisation, and industrialisation by providing an intelligent and automated monitoring solution. Traditional environmental data collection methods are slow, geographically limited, and lack real-time analytical capabilities. This project presents the design and implementation of an IoT-integrated Cyber-Physical System (CPS) that enables continuous, real-time environmental monitoring and analysis.

The system uses a Raspberry Pi 4 as the central processing unit, interfaced with low-cost sensors including the DHT11 for temperature and humidity, MQ135 for air quality, BMP180 for atmospheric pressure, and an LDR for light intensity measurement. These sensors collect real-time environmental data that are processed locally and transmitted wirelessly via the Raspberry Pi’s built-in Wi-Fi to the ThingSpeak cloud platform using HTTP/MQTT protocols. The cloud layer supports data storage, visualization, and remote analysis through interactive dashboards, enabling timely decision-making.

The integrated CPS architecture successfully combines sensing, computation, and communication, while automated alerts are triggered when environmental parameters exceed predefined thresholds, enabling proactive responses to hazardous conditions. The system ensures accuracy, scalability, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for deployment in smart cities, industrial zones, and agricultural environments.

Moreover, this project establishes a foundation for future advancements such as AI-driven predictive analytics and edge computing to support autonomous environmental control. Overall, the developed system contributes to sustainable environmental management and aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action) by promoting intelligent, data-driven monitoring for a safer and cleaner environment.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2025.131204