Abstract: The Sixth-Generation (6G) network is poised to move beyond mobile internet to enable a seamless fusion of the physical, digital, and human worlds. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the 6G vision, its key enabling technologies, and the associated challenges. The core objective of 6G is to overcome the limitations of 5G, such as coverage gaps and high infrastructure costs, by targeting unprecedented performance metrics. These metrics include terabit-per-second (Tbps) data rates, sub-millisecond latency (up to microsecond levels), and a massive connection density of up to 10 million devices per square kilometer. Key enabling technologies explored include the utilization of the Terahertz (THz) spectrum, the deep integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to create self-optimizing networks, and the integration of Sensing and Communication functionalities. Potential applications, such as Holographic Communication, Massive Digital Twins, and Real-time Remote Surgery, are examined. Finally, critical challenges, including spectrum scarcity, energy efficiency, and security threats from quantum computing and AI-driven systems, are discussed to guide future research and development.

Downloads: | DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2025.131030