Abstract: In modern power systems, maintaining stability across interconnected areas is critical, especially with the growing complexity of the grid. This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller design for enhancing the dynamic stability of a three-area power system. Traditional PID controllers often struggle with optimal tuning due to the non-linear and dynamic nature of power systems. In this study, a Genetic Algorithm is employed to optimize the PID parameters by minimizing a performance index, such as the Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error (ITAE), thereby ensuring faster and more robust frequency and tie-line power oscillation damping. Simulation results demonstrate that the GA-tuned PID controller significantly improves the dynamic response compared to conventional tuning methods, providing better system resilience to disturbances and load variations. The proposed approach offers a promising solution for achieving reliable and efficient automatic generation control (AGC) in multi-area power systems.
Keywords: PID controller, Genetic Algorithm based PID (GAPID) controller, Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
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