VOLUME 9, ISSUE 9, SEPTEMBER 2021 | IJIREEICE

Design of Automatic Intensity Controller of Street Light and it’s Energy Efficiency

admin — Fri, 01 Oct 2021 06:01:06 +0000

Abstract: The design of the project focuses on intensity control of the street light that saves power consumption. The concept is to control the intensity of LED bulbs used through the use of Arduino and RTC DS3231 module. The Arduino controls the light intensity of bulbs on three divided sections of time. That is from 6 pm- 10 pm with full intensity (100%), 10 pm – 12 am with 50% reduction and 12 am – 6 am with reduction to 25%. And this proposed system can bring better result compared to existing system by reducing the unnecessary power consumption in the lighting system.

Keywords: Energy consumption, Intensity controller, LED

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Performance Analysis of Digital Video Broadcasting – Cable (DVB-C) System with 64-QAM Modulation and Interleaving Schemes

admin — Sat, 09 Oct 2021 08:59:45 +0000

Abstract: DVB-C is the most widely used standard for interactive television. DVB-C uses the MPEG-2 standard for coding the data, as well as Forward Error Coding, Reed Solomon Coding and Convolutional coding to make the signal robust against the high amount of error that comes with transmission. It also uses QPSK to modulate the signal, which makes the information be encoded in the phase instead of the amplitude, which also helps with making the signal robust enough for the channel. But due to increase in number of users and changing needs of users in the field of communications and entertainment, there are new challenges that the currents standards are not able to satisfy. So as the number of users increases the system complexity and interference also increases. The communication channel is not free from the effects of channel impairments such as noise, interference and fading. These channel impairments caused signal distortion and signal to ratio (SNR) degradation. This problem can be overcome by implementing the system with different modulation and error detection and correction schemes. So first design a DVB-C system with Rectangular 64-QAM Modulator and Reed-Solomon Encoder. Then analyze this system with different interleaving schemes such as convolutional, helical, matrix, block and random interleaving and find the best suited interleaving scheme with lowest bit error rate.

Keywords- DVB-C, QAM, RS, Interleaving, BER.

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VLSI IMPLEMENTATION FOR VIDEO COMPRESSION

admin — Tue, 19 Oct 2021 08:16:42 +0000

Abstract: Visual communications are evolving rapidly for media, telecommunications, and computing industries. The availability of digital media and transmission sources has led to significant progress in this field. In addition, workstations and personal computers are widely used platforms for interactive multimedia applications. Recent developments in image displays, digital storage, computing, and communication channels have made digital audio and video the very popular media sources which are economically viable as well. Several video compression schemes are used to cut down storage and transmission cost. To improve universal interchange of audio-visual data, there is a great demand for international standards for transmission and coding formats. In VLSI technology, recent advancements have come as a boon to fulfill high video coding requirements and hardware issues. This paper suggests three most important architectural approaches for VLSI implementation and suggests the most popular and widely used algorithms for video compression.

Keywords: VLSI implementation, VLSI video compression, VLSI technology

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Wireless sensors using digital communication

admin — Tue, 19 Oct 2021 15:33:08 +0000

Abstract: Energy consumption has been a key concern of data gathering in wireless sensor networks. The world we live in today is a world where technology and its developments are the most important thing and our number one priority. This paper is all about why wireless sensor network are used in digital modulation, also we compare different modulation techniques. This paper is all about DS-UWB band.

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WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORK

admin — Tue, 19 Oct 2021 15:33:57 +0000

Abstract: In the present generation the use of WBAN is increasing day by day. The devices of WBAN can record various physiological parameters like the body temperature ,BP,or ECG etc.One of the main challenge of wireless body area is that it sensing of heat generated by implanted sensor nodes, now a days a small signal sensors can be placed in a human beings .The WBAN has limitation that it is lack of communication capability, available as monitoring and sensing, power efficient protocals, system architecture, racting and security.
WBAN can develop a power control game on the basics of social interaction information to maximize the systems utility

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A Review Paper on Image Segmentation

admin — Wed, 20 Oct 2021 04:55:51 +0000

Abstract: Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments. It is used to identify objects and background in images. Different Image Processing techniques are available and segmentation is one of the challenging fields in which complexity is least and implementation is effective. This is widely employed in many applications including object-based coding, object tracking, object detection, image retrieval, and clinical organ or tissue identification. Different technique such as Edge based, region based, Thresholding and computational steps for image segmentation is covered in this paper.

Keyword: segmentation, edge based, region based, Thresholding

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ANIMAL CROSSING DETECTION

admin — Wed, 20 Oct 2021 11:13:42 +0000

Abstract- Deer going across streets are a significant worry of interstate security in country and rural regions in the United States. This paper gave an imaginative way to deal with recognizing deer going across at parkways utilizing 3D light discovery and running (LiDAR) innovation. The created LiDAR information preparing strategy incorporates foundation separating, object bunching, and object characterization. A programmed foundation sifting technique dependent on the point dissemination was applied to reject the foundation however keep the deer (and street clients in the event that they exist) in the space. A changed thickness based spatial bunching of uses with clamor (DBSCAN) calculation was utilized for object grouping. Versatile looking through boundaries were applied in the vertical and flat ways to bunch the focuses. The bunch bunches were additionally arranged into three gatherings—deer, walkers, and vehicles, utilizing three distinct calculations: credulous Bayes, arbitrary woodland, and k-closest neighbor. The testing results showed that the arbitrary backwoods (RF) can give the most elevated exactness to arrangement among the three calculations. The aftereffects of the field test showed that the created strategy can identify the deer with a normal distance of 30 m far away from the LiDAR. The time delay is around 0.2 s in this test. The deer crossing data can caution drivers about the dangers of deer-vehicle crashes progressively.

Keywords- LiDAR, IR sensor, micro controller

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HUMANOID FLYING ROBOT USING QUADCOPTER

admin — Thu, 21 Oct 2021 15:58:53 +0000

Abstract: As we know, already humanoid robots are existing in developed countries. In this paper we introducing the concept of humanoid flying robot using quadcopter. If we observe insects are very interesting, in case of introducing the behaviors of insects to the humanoid robots its more impact to the various fields like flight navigation, field of view, locomotion. Humanoid flying robot human like shape with capable of flying, it is the replication of both flying insects and human. Humanoid flying robot have normally two legs & harms, torso, head, but here we are using quadcopter. With the help of quadcopter, the robot can absolutely do the same work of human and also robot can fly. hope this project will bring the new era to this world.

Keyword : Insects, humanoid robot, Quadcopter.

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SOLAR PV SYSTEM USING BSCA BASED MPPT FOR ON AND OFF GRID

admin — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 06:55:13 +0000

Abstract: The photovoltaic (PV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on biological swarm chasing behavior is proposed to increase the MPPT performance for a module-integrated PV power system. Each Module is viewed as a particle, and as a result, the maximum power point is viewed as the moving target. Thus, every PV module can chase the maximum power point (MPP) automatically. Comparing with a typical perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT method, the MPPT efficiency (η-MPPT) is improved about 12.19% in transient state by the proposed MPPT as theoretical prediction.
One of the most popular swarm intelligence paradigms is the particle swarm optimization (PSO), which is basically developed through the simulation of social behavior of bird flocking and fish schooling. PSO is a global optimization algorithm for dealing with problems on which a point or surface in an n- dimensional space represents a best solution. Particles move through the problem space, then, a certain fitness criterion evaluates them. Several areas have adopted the idea that swarms can solve complex problems.The PV module can automatically chase the MPP by proposed bio-MPPT algorithm. One sampling time is required to decide accurately the MPP tracking direction. The bio-MPPT algorithm build in the master controller runs and command operating voltages. Irradiation and temperature are automatically recorded in the bio-MPPT controller. The MPPT behavior of the proposed bio- MPPT is still confused with partial shadow effect.

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ANALYSIS OF THE FETAL HEART RATE VARIABILITY BY MEANS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

admin — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 07:39:25 +0000

Abstract: This learns about examines sign availability in Fetal Electrocardiogram (FECG) beat-to-beat acquisition and the accuracy of fetal Heart Rate Variability (HRV) evaluation in the scientific placing the usage of a commercially accessible FECG monitor. Signal availability used to be examined in sixty-three fetuses below uncontrolled conditions. It has come to be a vital device for monitoring the physiological situation of the fetus throughout pregnancy. The area of electrocardiograph has been in existence for over a century, in spite of good-sized advances in person scientific electrocardiograph, sign processing strategies and quickly digital processes, the evaluation of fetal evaluation is nevertheless in its infancy. Advanced electrode substances and transition to the wi-fi technological know-how might also assist to clear up a number of issues associated to person comfort however will reason a complete vary of new technical and methodological issues. Main techniques to the answer of the fetal electrocardiogram recording troubles are mentioned in the article.

Keywords- Fetal Heart rate variability, CTG, Signal processing, ECG extraction, non-invasive.

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