VOLUME 8, ISSUE 8, AUGUST 2020 | IJIREEICE

Intelligent Line Map Robot Using Matlab

admin — Mon, 03 Aug 2020 04:57:45 +0000

Abstract: Robotics has become a very important application in most of the developed areas. High performance, high accuracy, lower labor cost and the ability to work in hazardous places have taken robotics in an advantages position over many other such technologies. Robots produce more accurate and high-quality work. Robots rarely make mistakes and are more precise than human workers. They can produce a greater quantity in a short amount of time. They can work at a constant speed with no breaks, days off, or holiday time. They can perform applications with more repeatability than humans. Robots save workers from performing dangerous tasks. They can work in hazardous conditions, such as poor lighting, toxic chemicals, or tight spaces. They are capable of lifting heavy loads without injury or tiring. Robots increase worker safety by preventing accidents since humans are not performing risky jobs. Work cells provide safety features, separating the worker from harm’s way. We saw the robots like wired robot, Wireless robot, Path follower robot, Color detection robot where the user is always engaged with the robot. So, to overcome from such problem’s GUI based robot is introduced in real time application. Matlab can be considered as a CPU platform that can follow a map. The basic objective of Matlab is to provide cost effective solutions for industrial applications, commercial applications and security applications, but not restricted to them. GUI modified version of Matlab may be creatively used even for home applications too. Here we have selected some sample scenarios to highlight the useful occasions.

Keywords: Intelligent Robot, Matlab, Arduino, Map follower.

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E-Waste Management in India

admin — Mon, 03 Aug 2020 05:30:54 +0000

Abstract: Electronic waste or e-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. The composition of e-waste may be electronic components of computer, cell phones, battery, metals and plastic used in cables and in circuit boards. Etc. Electronic gadgets contain thousands of components made of deadly chemicals and metals like lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, polyvinyl chlorides (PVC). These substances can damage the nervous systems, kidney, bones, reproductive and endocrine systems. The inhalation of toxic fumes, as well as from accumulation of chemicals in soil, water and food. Atmospheric pollution due to burning and dismantling activities seems to be the main cause of occupational and secondary exposure. It effects the environment-to food-chain contamination, as contaminants may accumulate in agricultural lands. The most chemicals of concern have a slow metabolic rate in animals, and may bio accumulate in tissues and be excreted in edible products such as eggs and milk. This paper includes some study of sources of e-waste and its impact on environment. Some of disposal techniques and steps taken by Govt. of India to manage & utilize the e-waste have been discussed.

Keywords: Electronic gadgets, food-chain, e-waste, utilization.

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Challenges During Transition from Traditional Class Room Teaching to Online Teaching in Covid-19 Lockdown

admin — Mon, 03 Aug 2020 05:40:33 +0000

Abstract: During the Covid-19 Pandemic suddenly lockdown is imposed on the entire country, except essential and emergency services all other services and activities are suspended , due to fast spreading of Corona virus and to maintain the social distancing among the people , students and teachers all the educational activities like Class room teaching , all the Schools, Colleges and University examinations are suspended including laboratory work ,Physical movements are stopped. As the traditional class room teaching activities are suspended and encouraged to Online teaching learning methods, Transitioning from face-to-face training to online teaching requires rethinking and recalibrating of course materials and also essentially forced to develop a required Skill to Online Teaching learning activities among teachers and students. Due to the nature of the online environment, lectures, exercises, and assessments that have worked in a face-to-face class need to be little modified or replaced. A classroom course is defined as a traditional non-native teaching style in which students sit in a room and face-to-face with a teacher. Online courses are defined as courses offered through a web-based learning platform using interactive learning strategies through internet. The transition from traditional Class room to Online class is a challenging task for teachers and students and also for educational institutes.

Keywords: Online teaching, transition, student, teacher, traditional teaching, educational institutes, Online meeting.

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Preservation of Gradient Histogram for Texture Enhancement, Pedestrian Detection and Image Matching Based on SURF

admin — Sat, 29 Aug 2020 10:22:58 +0000

Abstract: Blurring is a particular type of optimal bandwidth reduction due to inaccurate image-forming process that reduces crucial texture and therefore results in less visual efficiency of the image. To remove the blur, many image deblurring techniques aim to reverse the distorted image to recover the natural image and concentrate on creating appropriate regularizations to prevent the image from being restored. The prior image, including the non-local prior pixel intensity, plays an important role among all methods available. Just like prior picture enhances the reduction of noise and ringing artifacts, fine detail is often enhanced. Thus, GHP based de – noising method is associated with a non-local sparse prior that is able to produce rich textures. With a reconstructed image gradient variation creates a large residual image and the texture characteristics of the reconstructed images can be restored excellently, making them appear more natural. Detection of features is restrained to pedestrian detection, which operates well on grayscale gradients between adjacent pixels. HOG is a feature descriptor based on gradients which normalises and classifies the extracted feature using linear SVM. SURF algorithm, which has high performance and accuracy, is used to detect excellent points which are symmetric to adjacent points. There may also be a mismatch effect when conducting matching of feature points. SURF methodology is merged with RANSAC algorithm that eliminates the false points. Simulation observations from our studies indicate that these techniques are making at least as well as other methods available.

Keywords: Gradient Histogram Preservation (GHP), NCSR (Non-locally Centralized Sparse Prior), human detection, Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG), linear Support Vector Machines classifier (SVM), feature matching, Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF).

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A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Oral Problems and Awareness Regarding Oral Hygiene among Secondary School Children in Selected Schools at Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India

admin — Sat, 29 Aug 2020 11:59:48 +0000

Abstract: Oral health helps to maintain the health state of all the structures like lips, teeth, gum, tongue and palate, good oral hygiene emphasis on cleanliness and moisturizing of mouth structures. Objectives of the study is to assess the prevalence of oral problems among school children, determine the awareness of oral hygiene among school children, develop and distribute information booklet regarding prevalence of oral problem and awareness regarding oral hygiene, co-relate the prevalence of oral problems with awareness of oral hygiene among school children, find out the association between prevalence of oral problems and awareness of oral hygiene with selected sociodemographic variable. Material and Methods: Non- experimental descriptive research approach was employed descriptive design. A set of self-administered knowledge questionnaires was used to collect data. Written permission has obtained from the research ethical committee and formal written permission has also been obtained from the Principal of selected senior secondary schools The reliability of the tool was determined by using split half method and the tool was found to be highly reliable.

Result: The findings reveal that 0.7% children had inadequate knowledge regarding oral hygiene, 7.0% children had moderate knowledge regarding oral hygiene, 92.3% children had adequate knowledge regarding oral hygiene. Mean Percentage Scores 46.02 and SD 6.118.

Keywords: Assess, Awareness, Oral Hygiene, Prevalence, School Children

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BER Analysis of ADSL with RS Encoding Over AWGN Channel

admin — Wed, 02 Sep 2020 06:11:30 +0000

Abstract: In wireless, satellite, and space communication systems, reducing error is critical. High bit error rates of the wireless communication system require employing various coding methods on the data transferred. Channel coding for error detection and correction helps the communication system designers to reduce the effects of a noisy transmission channel. The purpose of this paper is to study and investigate the performance of Reed-Solomon code that is used to encode the data stream in digital communication. The performances were evaluated by applying to binary phase sift keying modulation scheme in symmetric Additive White Gaussian Noise channel. Reed-Solomon codes are best for correcting burst errors and find wide range of applications in digital communications and data storage.

Keywords: DSL, ADSL, FEC, BER.

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Review on Designing ADSL with RS Encoding

admin — Wed, 02 Sep 2020 06:12:51 +0000

Abstract: Digital communication systems are used for transferring information data between separate remote points, which are connected by appropriate communication channels. The data being sent is usually affected by different channel errors (e.g., noise or interference) that worsen the quality of transmission link. The communication system performance and quality of transmissions can be increased by applying the Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique, which is used in almost all digital communication systems to improve performance with regards to Bit Error Rate (BER). Theoretically, FEC allows the maximum level of information in any channel. In practice, it reduces the cost for designing the communication system. This is also the case for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), which uses both Trellis coding and Reed-Solomon FEC to perform error corrections. In ADSL, the error correction algorithms used (especially decoding) are computationally complex and demanding compared to the other algorithms.

Keywords: DSL, ADSL, FEC, BER.

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A Review of Designing of Digital Video Broadcasting with RS Encoding

admin — Wed, 02 Sep 2020 06:14:00 +0000

Abstract: Digital television broadcasting is present and future of television. With the advent of digital technology, digital audio and video compression and other advanced signal processing, it is possible to transmit and receive broadband data over co-axial cable and through satellite and terrestrial. Digital television is a telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving picture and sound by means of digital signals, in contrast to analogue signals in analogue (traditional) Television. It uses digital encoded data convolute the data and transmit the data with OFDM. Modulation data, which is digitally compressed. DVB is a European digital television standard that uses different modulation techniques like, 16 QAM, 64 QAM. DVB uses Convolutional interleaver for different combination like 1/4, 1/3, 2/3, 3/4 with Reed solemn encoder.

Keywords: DVB, OFDM, BER, RS.

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BER Analysis of DVB with Different Encoding and Interleaving Schemes

admin — Wed, 02 Sep 2020 06:15:04 +0000

Abstract: This paper investigates the performance of encoding and interleaving in DVB in the context of mobile reception. By means of time interleaving it is possible to provide time diversity and improve the robustness of the transmitted information in mobile environments. DVB implements a highly flexible time interleaving that allows different trade-offs in terms of time diversity, latency and power saving. DVB also includes the possibility to particularize the transmission parameters on a service basis by means of multiple physical layer pipes. This way, it is possible to accommodate different use cases: fixed, portable and mobile, in the same frequency channel. This paper evaluates the time interleaving capabilities of DVB by means of physical layer simulations.

Keywords: DVB, OFDM, BER, RS.

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High Performance and Error Tolerant Approximate Multiplier Based on Multi-bit Compressors

admin — Sat, 05 Sep 2020 06:19:16 +0000

Abstract: Approximate computing is an emerging trend in digital design that trades off the requirement of exact computation for improved speed and power performance. The proposed method uses a novel approximate compressor and an algorithm to exploit them for the design of efficient approximate multipliers. The approximate compressors are a key element in the design of power-efficient approximate multipliers, the number of faulty rows in the compressor’s truth table is significantly reduced by encoding its inputs using generate and propagate signals. Multi-bit approximate counters with 4:2, 6:3 and 7:3 counters are used to in each column to increase its performance. It uses bit stacking at initial stages and then converted to binary counts, producing counter output with no xor gates on the critical path. This avoidance of xor gates results in faster designs with efficient power and area utilization. Based on this improved counters, 8×8 multipliers are designed and then are used as building blocks for scaling up to 16×16 and 32×32 multipliers. Compared with existing compressor-based multiplier, the proposed multi-bit compressor-based multiplier results in low power consumption and high performance.

Keywords: Approximate computing, Compressors, Stacking, Multiplier.

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