VOLUME 13, ISSUE 9, SEPTEMBER 2025 | IJIREEICE https://ijireeice.com A Peer-reviewed Journal Tue, 21 Apr 2026 18:21:48 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.9.26 A multi-protection, FPGA-based and VHDL programmed, object security and surveillance system, using PIR motion sensors, vibration sensor and touch-switches for activating a variety of alarm systems https://ijireeice.com/papers/a-multi-protection-fpga-based-and-vhdl-programmed-object-security-and-surveillance-system-using-pir-motion-sensors-vibration-sensor-and-touch-switches-for-activating-a-variety-of-alarm-systems/ Sun, 31 Aug 2025 09:43:20 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11115 Abstract: An object security, multi-protection and surveillance system, based on PIR motion sensors, vibration sensor and touch-switches, is presented here. The system uses FPGAs and can protect precious objects or industrial importance equipment, as well as laboratory and scientific instruments, against people who may cause damages or steal the above objects. It provides three main […]

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]]> Abstract: An object security, multi-protection and surveillance system, based on PIR motion sensors, vibration sensor and touch-switches, is presented here. The system uses FPGAs and can protect precious objects or industrial importance equipment, as well as laboratory and scientific instruments, against people who may cause damages or steal the above objects. It provides three main protection services. The first is by using its PIR sensors for detection of human presence and second is by activating its vibration sensor, in order to prevent possible moving of the object. It uses two PIR mo-tion sensors for more complete coverage of the area and if human presence is detected four different alarm systems are activated. FPGA board LEDs light up, vibrator starts sounding, a laser module also lights up and step motor activates door closing equipment. Additionally if vibration sensor detects possible movement of the object, another FPGA board LED lights up. System administrator is aware of all the above activations, so he can decide whether to use the third protection ability, which is pressing one or more touch capacity switches, thus activating respective buzzer systems in different security service rooms. The system is programmed using VHDL language and can be implemented in a variety of security applications.
Keywords: Object security surveillance system, Sensors, FPGA, VHDL, Buzzer, LEDs, laser, vibrator, touch sensors, step motor.

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]]> Machine Learning Models for Chronic Kidney Disease Detection https://ijireeice.com/papers/machine-learning-models-for-chronic-kidney-disease-detection/ Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:26:27 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11129 Abstract: The CKD will becoming a serious health problem around the world, mostly because it is often diagnosed too late &many people do not have access to early prediction tools. This project was started to beg help to raise toast about kidney health &to use modern technology, like machine learning, to help solve this issue. […]

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]]> Abstract: The CKD will becoming a serious health problem around the world, mostly because it is often diagnosed too late &many people do not have access to early prediction tools. This project was started to beg help to raise toast about kidney health &to use modern technology, like machine learning, to help solve this issue. The goal was to build a system that can predict the chances of a person having CKD &also give them advice on how to live a healthier life to manage or reduce the risk. During the project, we used real patient data that included results from medical tests &other health information. A Gradient Boosting Classifier, which will be a mechanism learning model, was trained using this information to make smart &accurate predictions. The system also gives easy-to-understand & lifestyle tips like changes in diet, exercise, &medicine based on each person’s health. This helps people take care of their kidneys before serious problems start.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease Gradient Boosting Random Forest Logistic Regression, Flask Application, Prediction System, Healthcare Technology, Lifestyle Recommendation, Medical Diagnosis.

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]]> Real-Time Fire Monitoring System with Arduino https://ijireeice.com/papers/real-time-fire-monitoring-system-with-arduino/ Tue, 02 Sep 2025 09:40:26 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11131 Abstract: This paper aims in designing a fire alarm detector for a modern fire safety systems, designed to identify fire hazards at an early stage and send alerts to remote locations or systems. This project focuses on developing a low-cost, Arduino-based fire alarm detector capable of real-time monitoring and early warning. The system employs flame […]

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]]> Abstract: This paper aims in designing a fire alarm detector for a modern fire safety systems, designed to identify fire hazards at an early stage and send alerts to remote locations or systems. This project focuses on developing a low-cost, Arduino-based fire alarm detector capable of real-time monitoring and early warning. The system employs flame and smoke sensors to detect signs of fire and immediately activates visual and audible alerts. Additionally, it can be configured to send notifications to mobile devices or security services, ensuring prompt action even when the premises are unoccupied. By leveraging the simplicity and versatility of Arduino, the project demonstrates how embedded technology can enhance fire safety and provide reliable, remote fire hazard detection for residential and commercial applications.

Keywords: Fire alarm detector, notification, accident, Arduino, live monitoring.

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]]> QUESTION PAPER LEAKAGE PROTECTION USING BLOCKCHAIN https://ijireeice.com/papers/question-paper-leakage-protection-using-blockchain/ Tue, 02 Sep 2025 12:32:20 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11133 Abstract: Question paper leakage has emerged as a serious challenge in modern educational systems, undermining the credibility of examinations, creating unfair academic outcomes, and eroding public trust in assessment processes. Traditional paper distribution methods, often centralized and lacking robust safeguards, are highly susceptible to insider threats, data tampering, and unauthorized access. To address these vulnerabilities, […]

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]]> Abstract: Question paper leakage has emerged as a serious challenge in modern educational systems, undermining the credibility of examinations, creating unfair academic outcomes, and eroding public trust in assessment processes. Traditional paper distribution methods, often centralized and lacking robust safeguards, are highly susceptible to insider threats, data tampering, and unauthorized access. To address these vulnerabilities, this project proposes a blockchain‑based solution that leverages decentralization, immutability, cryptographic encryption, and smart contracts to securely manage question papers. The system ensures that all papers are encrypted, stored in a tamper‑proof distributed ledger, and made accessible only through time‑locked, identity‑verified mechanisms. Every access attempt and distribution event is recorded immutably, providing full traceability and eliminating the possibility of undetected leaks. By combining strong security mechanisms with transparent audit trails, the proposed platform not only prevents question paper leakage but also restores examination credibility, minimizes manual handling, and offers a scalable framework for secure academic operations.
Keywords: Blockchain, decentralization, immutability, data integrity, tamper proof.

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]]> Design of R-2R Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) using CMOS Technology https://ijireeice.com/papers/design-of-r-2r-digital-to-analog-converter-dac-using-cmos-technology/ Fri, 05 Sep 2025 13:11:23 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11139 Abstract: This work presents the design and simulation of a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier integrated into an R-2R ladder-based Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Implemented in 180nm CMOS technology, the amplifier comprises a differential input stage and a common-source gain stage, optimized for high gain, stability, and low power. The design supports 4-bit and 8-bit R-2R DAC […]

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]]> Abstract: This work presents the design and simulation of a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier integrated into an R-2R ladder-based Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Implemented in 180nm CMOS technology, the amplifier comprises a differential input stage and a common-source gain stage, optimized for high gain, stability, and low power. The design supports 4-bit and 8-bit R-2R DAC architectures to achieve accurate digital-to-analog conversion. Simulations using Cadence Virtuoso and Spectre validated DC, AC, and transient performance, confirming linear outputs, low glitch energy, and power efficiency. The study demonstrates an efficient approach to compact analog interface design for modern mixed-signal systems.

Keywords: Amplifier, DAC, CMOS, Power.

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]]> Low Power Based Dynamic True Single Phase Clock [Tspc] D Flip Flop For High Performance Application https://ijireeice.com/papers/low-power-based-dynamic-true-single-phase-clock-tspc-d-flip-flop-for-high-performance-application/ Sat, 06 Sep 2025 10:45:09 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11142 Abstract: D flip-flop is viewed as the most basic memory cell in by far most of computerized circuits, which brings it broad usage, particularly under current conditions where high-thickness pipeline innovation is as often as possible, utilized in advanced coordinated circuits. As a constant research center, various types of zero flip-flops have been explored, and […]

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]]> Abstract: D flip-flop is viewed as the most basic memory cell in by far most of computerized circuits, which brings it broad usage, particularly under current conditions where high-thickness pipeline innovation is as often as possible, utilized in advanced coordinated circuits. As a constant research center, various types of zero flip-flops have been explored, and the ongoing exploration pattern has gone to rapid low-control execution, which can come down to low power-defer item.To actualize superior VLSI, picking the most proper D flip-flop has clearly become an incredibly huge part in the structure stream.This project includes to design and development of a Low Power Dynamic Power Based True Single Phase D Flip Flop [TSPC] for High Performance Application using Cadence Tool. The design has been tested and verified using Cadence Virtuoso. The developed TSPC D Flip Flop model can be used in the design of sequential circuits with enhanced performance.

Keywords: TSPC D Flip-Flop, Low Power VLSI, Design, High-Speed Sequential, Circuits, Cadence Virtuoso Simulation

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]]> Design and Implementation of High Performance FIR and IIR Digital Filters for ECG Signal Processing https://ijireeice.com/papers/design-and-implementation-of-high-performance-fir-and-iir-digital-filters-for-ecg-signal-processing/ Mon, 08 Sep 2025 07:38:29 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11145 Abstract: The design and implementation of digital filtering methods to improve electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. MATLAB is used for the development and analysis of low-pass filters with finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) of different orders. The main goal is to eliminate noisy elements like high-frequency interference and baseline drift while keeping the […]

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]]> Abstract: The design and implementation of digital filtering methods to improve electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. MATLAB is used for the development and analysis of low-pass filters with finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) of different orders. The main goal is to eliminate noisy elements like high-frequency interference and baseline drift while keeping the therapeutically meaningful aspects of ECG signals. In terms of signal preservation and noise reduction, the FIR filters with Kaiser windows and the IIR filters based on elliptic responses perform better. The comparative study provides valuable insights for biomedical applications by highlighting the trade-off between filter, complexity, and signal clarity. The results demonstrate that digital filtering techniques are useful instruments for processing ECG signals accurately, which are use in diagnostic and healthcare monitoring systems.

Keywords: Digital Filters, FIR, IIR, ECG Signal Processing, MATLAB, Vivado.

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]]> A Python-Based Framework for Interactive Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring and Visualization https://ijireeice.com/papers/a-python-based-framework-for-interactive-real-time-air-quality-monitoring-and-visualization/ Sat, 13 Sep 2025 18:00:16 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11155 Abstract: Air pollution has emerged as a major global challenge, severely impacting human health, environmental quality, and climate stability. Rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and increased vehicular emissions have contributed to rising levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3). Monitoring air quality in real-time is […]

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]]> Abstract: Air pollution has emerged as a major global challenge, severely impacting human health, environmental quality, and climate stability. Rapid industrialization, urban expansion, and increased vehicular emissions have contributed to rising levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3). Monitoring air quality in real-time is essential for timely interventions, public health advisories, and informed policy-making. This research presents a comprehensive Python-based system for real-time air quality monitoring and visualization. The system fetches live data from the OpenAQ API, with a simulation fallback to ensure continuous operation during data unavailability. Key pollutants are monitored, logged in CSV files for historical analysis, and visualized using interactive multi-line graphs. The approach enables dynamic observation of pollution trends, identification of peak pollution periods, and facilitates informed decision-making to mitigate environmental and health risks.

Keywords: Air Pollution, Real-Time Monitoring, Python, Data Visualization, PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, O3, Environmental Health, Urban Air Quality, Public Health, Pollution Trends.

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]]> AI-Driven Transformations in Software Engineering https://ijireeice.com/papers/ai-driven-transformations-in-software-engineering/ Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:13:57 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11164 Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into modern software engineering (SE) processes, transforming the way systems are designed, developed, tested, and maintained. The growing usability and computational power of AI technologies enable the automation of complex engineering tasks, the enhancement of software adaptability, and the optimization of development lifecycles. However, this integration also […]

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]]> Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into modern software engineering (SE) processes, transforming the way systems are designed, developed, tested, and maintained. The growing usability and computational power of AI technologies enable the automation of complex engineering tasks, the enhancement of software adaptability, and the optimization of development lifecycles. However, this integration also introduces new challenges such as security vulnerabilities, ethical concerns, and risks of excessive automation. Despite significant research efforts, there is no unified framework for categorizing AI applications in SE or systematically analyzing their risks and benefits. This paper explores the evolving role of AI in software engineering, emphasizing its applications in intelligent automation, testing, optimization, and quality assurance. It further identifies opportunities, unresolved challenges, and the need for balance between human intervention and machine-driven decision-making. Finally, the study highlights future directions where AI could redefine traditional engineering paradigms and foster the emergence of autonomous, self-improving software systems.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, software engineering, machine learning, neural networks, intelligent automation, software testing, optimization, big data analytics, fuzzy logic, quality assurance

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]]> Advanced Digital Signal Processing in the Development and Realization of 5G Mobile Communication Standards https://ijireeice.com/papers/advanced-digital-signal-processing-in-the-development-and-realization-of-5g-mobile-communication-standards/ Mon, 15 Sep 2025 10:21:44 +0000 https://ijireeice.com/?post_type=papers&p=11166 Abstract: The unprecedented growth in smart device usage has accelerated demand for ultra-reliable, high-speed wireless connectivity. Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile communication systems address this demand by delivering multi-gigabit throughput, ultra-low latency, and massive device connectivity. Achieving these stringent requirements relies heavily on advanced Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques. This paper investigates the fundamental and advanced roles […]

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]]> Abstract: The unprecedented growth in smart device usage has accelerated demand for ultra-reliable, high-speed wireless connectivity. Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile communication systems address this demand by delivering multi-gigabit throughput, ultra-low latency, and massive device connectivity. Achieving these stringent requirements relies heavily on advanced Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques. This paper investigates the fundamental and advanced roles of DSP in the development and realization of 5G standards, highlighting its contributions to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), and digital beam forming. Further emphasis is placed on adaptive channel estimation, signal detection, and interference mitigation strategies that enable robust operation in dynamic environments. Hardware design considerations involving DSP-ASIC co-integration are examined, alongside the emerging synergy between DSP and Machine Learning (ML) for adaptive, intelligent signal processing. The findings demonstrate that DSP forms the backbone of 5G physical layer design, ensuring scalability, efficiency, and adaptability, while laying the foundation for beyond-5G (B5G) and 6G networks.

Keywords: 5G networks, digital signal processing (DSP), OFDM, massive MIMO, beamforming, channel estimation, LDPC, ASIC, machine learning (ML), adaptive signal processing.

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