VOLUME 13, ISSUE 6, JUNE 2025 | IJIREEICE

DEVELOPMENT OF CLOUD-BASED SMART PLANT WATERING SYSTEM

admin — Fri, 23 May 2025 11:59:46 +0000

Abstract: This research investigated the development and evaluation of a cloud-based smart plant watering system designed to automate plant irrigation based on real-time environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to address the inefficiencies and inconsistencies associated with manual plant watering by integrating environmental sensing technologies, cloud computing, and user-friendly applications. The methodology followed a developmental research approach, incorporating stages such as conceptualization, system design, prototyping, testing, and evaluation. Data was collected using environmental sensors, with the system architecture based on a Raspberry Pi Model 3B controller and cloud services for data storage and monitoring. The evaluation process included 32 evaluators (13 in-person and 19 online), who assessed the system’s hardware (interface circuits) and software (desktop and mobile applications). Evaluation instruments comprised a five-point Likert scale and ISO/IEC 25010 standards, with statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 27.

The system demonstrated effective automation of irrigation using a modular setup of environmental sensors, a microcontroller, and cloud-based monitoring accessible via desktop and mobile platforms. Performance testing revealed the system’s rapid and responsive moisture regulation, with Sensor 3 recording a moisture increase of 78.33% in 29 seconds (162.07%/s), confirming high efficiency in water delivery. Despite some sensor anomalies and environmental variability, consistent trends in data validated the system’s reliability. User evaluation of the external interface circuit yielded an average satisfaction score of 4.77, while application usability under ISO/IEC 20510 standards averaged 4.59, both categorized as “Very Acceptable.” Limitations included the absence of backup power and local monitoring options, though future enhancements involving AI and blockchain were identified to improve precision and data security.

Keywords: Cloud-Based, Watering, Automation, Sensor data, Development, Evaluation.

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Smart Translation For Physically Challenged People

admin — Fri, 23 May 2025 16:07:03 +0000

Abstract: This paper introduces an AI-driven translation platform developed to enhance communication for individuals with speech and hearing disabilities. The solution integrates advanced technologies such as Natural Language Processing (NLP), gesture recognition using MediaPipe, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to enable seamless two-way interaction. It supports real-time conversion of spoken language into Indian Sign Language (ISL) through animated GIFs, while also interpreting gestures captured via webcam into coherent text. The system is deployed using a Django-based web application, ensuring both usability and scalability. Unlike conventional tools, this integrated solution enables dynamic, real-time, bidirectional communication, making it highly applicable in fields like education, healthcare, and public services. Experimental evaluations indicate the system achieves an 85% accuracy rate in recognizing gestures and a 92% accuracy rate for speech-to-sign translation, marking a notable advancement over existing approaches

Keywords: Sign Language Translation, Assistive Technology, Artificial Neural Networks, Natural Language Processing, Accessibility, Gesture Recognition, Indian Sign Language

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A novel, heart diagnosis tool, based on Electro-cardiogram (ECG), using VHDL and FPGAs

admin — Sat, 24 May 2025 15:43:54 +0000

Abstract: An FPGA-based system is presented here, capable of simultaneous measuring electrocardiogram (ECG) in-put values and display them in seven-segment displays, while it also derives a heart diagnosis, based on the above ECG. Heart diagnosis activates corresponding LED alarm system, providing information about several heart problems such as hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, coronary ischemia, bundle-branch block and AV node block, all of them derived from critical time values of the ECG. Our system has also the ability of calculating and presenting in seven-segment displays, heart beat rate in pulses/min, with simultaneous activation of corresponding alarm system, which is responsible of lighting three respective heart beat rate LEDs, for vradycardia, normal heart beat rate and tachycardia. Additionally, buzzer alarm and all FPGA board LEDs are also simultaneously activated, if pulses/min values are less than 60 (vradycardia) or higher than 100 (tachycardia). The system uses DE10-Lite FPGA board with an HW 827 sensor connected to it. The above sensor output is also connected to a blinking LED system, in order to have visual information of heart beat rate. Our system can work with a variety of heart pulse sensors and it is clear that deriving a successful heart diagnosis requires an electrocardiogram recording that is as accurate as possible. The system can also be combined with IoT technology, offering doctors the ability to remotely monitor patients online.

Keywords: Heart beat rate, Sensors, Heart diagnosis, VHDL, Buzzer, LEDs

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IONIZATION AND ELECTROPLATING EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCE IN LIQUID SLUTIONS

admin — Mon, 26 May 2025 09:13:12 +0000

Abstract: The application of electrical conductivity in liquids in electroplating process is investigated. Electrolysis is a process of separating elements electrically. A great many liquids are decomposed when an electric current passes through them, and this process is known was electrolysis. Elements are often chemically combined with other elements and must be separated. Electrolysis is employed in the industry for electroplating of metal, purification of metals, and extraction of metals from their ores. Generally, electrolysis is a process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect chemical change. The chemical change is one in which the substance loses or gains an electron (oxidation and reduction). The term electrolysis was first popularized in the 19th century by Michael Faraday, and it is a process that helped in the study of chemical reactions in obtaining pure elements. It is further defined as a process of decomposing ionic compounds into their elements by passing a direct electric current through a compound in a fluid form (solution). In the process of electrolysis, the cations are reduced at cathode and anions are oxidized at the anode. The main components required in the electrolysis process are electrolyte, electrodes, and some form of external power sources (DC power source). The process is of course done in a vessel called the “electrolytic cell”, containing two electrodes (cathode and anode), which are connected to a direct current (DC) source and an electrolyte which is an ionic compound undergoing decomposition, in either molten form or in a dissolved state in a suitable solvent (liquid). Generally, electrodes that are made from metal graphite, and semiconductor materials are used. However, the choice of a suitable electrode is done based on chemical reactivity between the electrode and electrolyte as well as the manufacturing cost. Usually, in electrolysis process, there is the interchange of ions and atoms due to the addition and removal of electrons from the external circuit. On passing current through the electrolyte via the electrodes, cations move to the cathode, take electrons from the cathode (given by the supply voltage source), and discharged into the neutral atom. If it is so the neutral atom is solid, it is deposited on the cathode, but if it is gas, it moves upwards and this process is called a reduction process, and the cation is reduced at the cathode. Similarly, anions give up their extra electrons to the anode and it is oxidized to neutral atoms at the anode. The electrons released by the carriers travel across the electrical circuit and reach the cathode, thereby completing the circuit. It is worthy to note very important role the cell voltage (potential) plays in electrolysis process which largely depends on the ability of the individual ions to absorb or release electrons. It is also sometimes referred to as the decomposition potential, which is the minimum voltage difference in electrode potential, between anode and cathode for an electrolytic cell that enables electrolysis to occur. To simplify the understanding of electrolysis, discussed in a very simple term, the electrolysis of Copper Sulphate solution.

Keywords: Conductivity, Oxidation, Electrolysis, Electroplating, Electrolyte, Electrode.

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Bridging Knowledge and Practice: Enhancing Financial Well-being through Financial Planning, Literacy, and Digital Tools

admin — Sat, 31 May 2025 05:38:05 +0000

Abstract: As the economic environment becomes more and more complex and dynamic, the need for personal finance management and financial planning has expanded by leaps and bounds. The citizens have to make smart financial decisions in an attempt to be financially healthy, reach life milestones, and have a secure future. This essay looks at the basics of financial planning, including budgeting, saving, investing, debt management, retirement planning, tax effectiveness, and protection from risk. It also looks at the necessity for personal finance management in creating discipline in finances and allowing individuals to live within their means and avoid the consequences of poor financial management. Among the general issues of the paper is convergence between financial behaviour and financial literacy. What is found through research is that low financial literacy is associated with adverse financial outcomes, such as high debt levels, poor retirement savings, and investment decisions. The paper confirms the importance of offering extensive financial education and literacy courses to equip people with abilities and proficiency in making effective financial decisions across the life cycles. Furthermore, the research examines digital technology’s role in personal finance, such as mobile applications, robo-advisors, and planning websites on the internet. These are increasingly accessible, automated, and information-intensive, thus more accessible and affordable. Nevertheless, the article also takes into account shortcomings in the form of behavioral biases, inconsistency, information overload, and financial risk that still make it challenging to manage personal finance. By the convergence of theoretical concepts and practical solutions, the paper provides strategic suggestions for individuals, teachers, and policymakers to enhance financial decision-making, become financially resilient, and achieve long-term financial well-being. Based on case studies, models, and empirical evidence, this paper highlights the life-changing potential of financial planning to enhance quality of life and alleviate financial distress.

Keywords: Financial Planning, Personal Finance Management, Financial Literacy, Saving, Budgeting, Financial Behaviour, Digital Financial Tools, Investment Strategies, Retirement Planning, Debt Management, Risk Management, Financial Education, Financial Well-being, Economic Resilience

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QUALITY EVALUATION OF PEC 2017-COMPLIANT ELECTRICAL WIRING SOFTWARE: ISO/IEC 25010-BASED APPROACH

admin — Sun, 01 Jun 2025 05:21:21 +0000

Abstract: The growing accessibility of simulation systems, applications, and software for electrical wiring has been especially noticeable in recent years. These digital solutions are frequently created to address increasing demands for efficiency and reliability in performance. Nevertheless, when electrical materials are calculated by hand, errors can arise—frequently going unnoticed because of the intricate and accuracy-focused nature of these computations, which are prone to human mistakes. The rise of numerous simulation tools has made evaluating their quality a significant issue. This research assesses the quality of an electrical wiring software adhering to PEC 2017 standards, utilizing specific objective metrics grounded in the ISO/IEC 25010 software product quality framework. Four essential quality attributes—functional appropriateness, performance effectiveness, interaction ability, and dependability—were evaluated. Fifty evaluators, including experts, students, academics, electrical engineers, and technologists, took part in the assessment. The findings indicated that the software garnered outstanding ratings in all four categories, with reliability obtaining the top score. The results show that the electrical wiring software is effective and dependable. It is advised that the software undergo frequent updates to stay in accordance with the progressing standards of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) and be broadly embraced in both educational and industrial environments to enhance awareness and utilization of dependable digital tools in electrical system design.

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Development of HiL (Hardware-in-Loop) Technique for MCU Testing and BLDC Motor Simulation

admin — Wed, 04 Jun 2025 12:31:16 +0000

Abstract: Air pollution is significantly driven by harmful exhaust gases emitted from automotive engines. Conventional vehicles predominantly rely on petrol and diesel, which not only release hazardous pollutants but are also derived from non-renewable resources. To mitigate air pollution and address the finite availability of fossil fuels, transitioning to Electric Vehicles (EVs) is imperative. EVs do not depend on crude oil and emit no harmful gases, making them a sustainable alternative. This paper focuses on the essential components of EVs, including the battery for energy storage, the motor for propulsion, and the Motor Control Unit (MCU), which regulates motor speed and torque. The MCU interprets driver inputs and controls the inverter that generates signals to operate the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor efficiently. To ensure optimal performance of EVs, it is essential to test and validate both the vehicle and its individual components. Traditional testing methods are costly and time-consuming, as they require physical vehicle prototypes and iterative installation and removal of components. To address these limitations, this research proposes the design and implementation of a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) system. The HiL system enables simulation-based validation of EV components in a controlled environment, significantly reducing development time and costs while enhancing testing efficiency.

Keywords: Motor Control Unit, Hardware-in-Loop Technique, Closed-Loop Tests Simulation, VT system, BLDC motor Simulation, Automated Test Bench Setup

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ADVERSE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SPORTS PARTICIPATION

admin — Wed, 04 Jun 2025 16:13:41 +0000

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted sports participation worldwide, affecting individuals, communities, and institutions across all levels of physical engagement. Lockdowns, social distancing mandates, and the closure of public spaces led to the suspension of organized sports activities—from local school competitions to international mega-events like the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020. The closure of gyms, stadiums, and sports clubs curtailed access to training facilities, limiting both professional athletes and amateur participants. This sudden disruption had a cascading effect on physical activity, particularly among youth, students, and vulnerable groups such as women, persons with disabilities, and rural populations.

Beyond physical health, the pandemic imposed psychological strain on athletes, coaches, and sports professionals due to prolonged isolation, canceled careers, and financial uncertainty. Many grassroots and community sports organizations faced economic challenges, leading to closures and reduced access to sports infrastructure. School and collegiate sports development programs were also halted, causing long-term gaps in athlete development and physical education. As digital alternatives attempted to fill the void, disparities in access to technology further widened inequalities in participation. This paper explores the adverse impacts of COVID-19 on sports participation with a focus on physical, psychological, economic, and social dimensions.

Keywords: COVID-19, Sports Participation, Physical Activity, Mental Health, Lockdown, Youth Sports, Athlete Well-being, Sports Facilities, Economic Impact, Grassroots Sports, Inequality in Sports, Post-pandemic Recovery

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Stress Factors Among Married Women Teachers

admin — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 06:01:33 +0000

Abstract: The role of women in modern society has significantly evolved, with increasing numbers of married women actively contributing to the education sector. However, this dual responsibility of managing professional duties and familial obligations often subjects them to high levels of stress. This study aims to investigate the major stress factors affecting married women teachers in India, focusing on work-life balance, time constraints, lack of administrative support, societal expectations, and family responsibilities.

A survey was conducted among 200 married women teachers working in primary, secondary, and higher secondary schools across Delhi NCR. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and visualized through graphs and tables to assess the distribution and intensity of stress factors. The findings reveal that time management between home and work, excessive workload, and inadequate recognition are the top stressors among respondents.

The literature review supports these results, indicating that Indian married women teachers face significant psychological and emotional strain due to their multifaceted roles. This paper discusses the implications of such stress on teachers’ job satisfaction, performance, and mental health. It concludes with practical recommendations to reduce stress levels through institutional support, time management training, and family counseling services.

This study contributes to understanding the psychosocial challenges faced by female educators and underscores the need for reforms in both institutional and domestic spheres to enable a more supportive work environment for women. Further longitudinal research is recommended to evaluate the long-term effects of such stress and the effectiveness of interventions.

Keywords: Stress, Married women, Teachers, Work-life balance, Time management, Indian education, Job satisfaction, Family responsibilities, Emotional well-being, Gender roles

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“A STUDY OF SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN YOGIC PRACTITIONERS”

admin — Fri, 06 Jun 2025 06:05:42 +0000

Abstract: Social-emotional development encompasses self-awareness, emotional regulation, social skills, and empathy—elements vital for psychological resilience and interpersonal effectiveness. In the face of rising stress and mental health issues, there is growing interest in holistic practices such as yoga to promote mental and emotional well-being. Yoga, a discipline rooted in Indian philosophy, integrates physical postures (asanas), breathing techniques (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana), offering a comprehensive mind-body approach to self-regulation and emotional balance.

This study investigates the impact of yogic practices on social-emotional development among adult practitioners. Using a comparative cross-sectional design, the study includes 150 participants—75 regular yoga practitioners (minimum one year of continuous practice) and 75 non-practitioners, selected from wellness centers and community organizations in Delhi NCR, India. The Social Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ) and Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) were used to assess competencies such as self-regulation, emotional awareness, and social interaction. Qualitative data were also collected through semi-structured interviews.

Findings indicate that yoga practitioners scored significantly higher in emotional intelligence, empathy, and interpersonal communication. Qualitative narratives revealed that regular engagement with yoga improved stress management, increased patience, and fostered deeper self-reflection. These results align with previous studies highlighting yoga’s benefits in enhancing mental and emotional health (Riley & Park, 2015; Telles et al., 2019).

This study supports the integration of yogic interventions into mental health and educational programs, suggesting that regular practice contributes positively to social-emotional growth. It also underscores yoga’s potential role in fostering community well-being and emotional literacy. Further longitudinal research is recommended to examine causality and broader applicability across populations.

Keywords: Social-emotional development, Yoga practitioners, Emotional intelligence, Mindfulness, Self-regulation

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